Micronutrient Status of Children Aged 7-59 Months Old with Overweight/Obese in Indonesia: Basic Health Research 2018

¹ Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Bogor West Java, 16915, Indonesia
² Department of Community Nutrition, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia

^* Corresponding ayarifin@gmail.com

Abstract

Numerous studies have highlighted the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity. In recent years, these conditions have also been increasingly observed in children. One interesting aspect to explore is the micronutrient profile of overweight and obese children, whether they generally fall within sufficient ranges, excessive, or conversely, show signs of deficiency. This study aims to examine the micronutrient status, namely serum vitamin A, 25(OH)D, zinc, iron, and calcium in children under five years old with an overweight/obese nutritional status (WHZ > +2SD). The design of the study was cross-sectional using secondary data from Riskesdas 2018 and the following study in 2021. Serum was analysed for retinol, 25(OH)D, zinc, ferritin, and calcium levels, then categorized into vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, iron, and calcium status, respectively. The subjects of the study were 539 children aged 7-59 months. Data analysis included bivariate and multivariate regression. The results showed 7.9% were overweight/obese. No significant difference was found for all micronutrient levels between overweight/obese and those with non-overweight status. Children with insufficient levels of vitamin D were significantly associated with overweight/obesity (p=0.014, aOR 4.516, 95% CI: 1.358–15.010). Furthermore, zinc and iron overall showed the highest deficiency number, recorded at 213 and 187 subjects respectively. Interestingly, about 10% of the children with these deficiencies were still categorized as overweight/obese.