Child Abuse in Indonesia: A National Trend Analysis and Health Promotion Response (2016-2024)

Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: k.estu2011@gmail.com

Abstract

Child abuse remains a critical issue in Indonesia. Cases have been tracked in real time through the Online Information System for the Protection of Women and Children (SIMFONI-PPA) since 2016; however, long-term trends have not been comprehensively analysed. This study examined national child abuse trends in Indonesia and explored health promotion strategies for prevention. Secondary data from SIMFONI-PPA were analysed to identify trends in abuse types, victim profiles, perpetrator profiles, and locations. A literature review was conducted to identify prevention strategies employing a health promotion framework grounded in the Ottawa Charter. Findings showed a steady increase in reported child abuse cases. Sexual violence was the most reported abuse, 2–3 times higher than physical or psychological violence and several times more than trafficking or exploitation. Adolescent girls (approximately 70% of victims), aged 13–17 (over 50% victims), were the most affected; about one-third of victims were attending junior high school. Perpetrators were known to the victims, such as lovers or peers (about a quarter of cases), and most incidents occurred at home (around half of reported cases). Indonesia has implemented several prevention strategies, including policy reform, education, and community-based efforts. The rising trend of child abuse in Indonesia underscores the urgent need for multisectoral, context-sensitive interventions focused on improving data collection, service access, and reducing stigma. Future research should explore socio-cultural factors and evaluate the effectiveness of existing prevention programs.