Agroecological and biological assessment of crop systems in Zubair, Iraq

Basra University, Faculty of Education for Human Sciences, Basrah, Basra Governorate, Iraq

¹ Corresponding author: raghda.yasin@uobasrah.edu.iq

Abstract

This study presents a biological and agroecological analysis of the agricultural systems in Zubair, Iraq, focusing on the interaction between environmental factors and crop productivity. The research examines the influence of soil properties, climatic conditions, and water resources on the physiological performance and yield characteristics of major cultivated species. Emphasis is placed on the biological diversity of crop varieties, plant adaptation mechanisms to arid conditions, and the sustainability of current agroecosystems. The study also evaluates the role of agricultural mechanization and irrigation technologies in maintaining soil microbiological activity and plant health. Results highlight a limited crop diversity and reduced biological resilience in local agroecosystems, suggesting the need for integrative biological and ecological approaches to improve agricultural productivity and environmental stability in the Zubair region.