Biological interactions between diabetes, stress, and environmental factors

¹ Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Al-Najaf, Iraq
² Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq
³ Faculty of Sciences, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq

¹ Corresponding author: Kais.alhadrawi@atu.edu.iq

Abstract

This study explores the biological basis linking Type 2 diabetes, psychological stress, and environmental influences on patient health. A total of 765 adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes from Al-Sadr Medical City, Iraq, were assessed to investigate how physiological stress responses interact with glycemic regulation and biological markers of well-being. Blood glucose and HbA1c levels were analyzed in relation to stress- associated biological parameters and lifestyle-related environmental factors such as physical activity, social support, and access to health-promoting environments. Results demonstrated a strong negative correlation between psychological distress and glycemic control (r = -0.42, p < 0.05), suggesting stress-induced dysregulation of endocrine and metabolic pathways. Increased physical activity and social engagement positively influenced metabolic balance and reduced biological stress responses. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the biological mechanisms through which environmental and psychosocial factors modulate endocrine and metabolic functions in diabetes. Integrating biological and behavioral insights can enhance strategies for improving metabolic health and long- term disease management.