Extraction and characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Achromobacter xylosoxidans using glucose as carbon source

¹ Doctoral Program of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
² Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
³ University CoE Research Center for Bio-Molecule Engineering, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
⁴ Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
⁶ Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
⁷ Medical Laboratory Technology, Health Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik, Gresik 61111, East Java, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds that are capable of reducing surface tension and forming emulsions. Consequently, a significant amount of research has been conducted to identify and obtain bisourfactants, as they possess a variety of advantageous biological properties. Achromobacter is recognized as one of the genera that produces glycolipid biosurfactant. The objective of this investigation is to characterize the biosurfactants produced by Achromobacter xylosoxidans BP(1)5 by means of a multi-stage solvent extraction process. The biosurfactant was produced over a three-day incubation in minimal salt medium supplemented with glucose. After fermentation, the cell-free supernatant underwent sequential extraction with n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and stability of the biosurfactant were evaluated, and its structural characteristics were analyzed. The highest production yield of the crude biosurfactant was 23.75 g/L for methanol extraction. All extracts exhibited critical micelle concentration at 3 g/L, remained stable across diverse environmental conditions when evaluated with motor oil, and demonstrated anionic characteristics based on ion-interaction assays. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of sugar moieties and functional groups consistent with glycolipid biosurfactants. These findings highlight A. xylosoxidans BP(1)5 as a promising alternative biosurfactant source and demonstrate the multistage solvent extraction strategy for enhancing its recovery.