Optimizing Growth, Yield, and Iron (Fe) Content of Red Spinach Using Livestock Urine-Based Liquid Organic Fertilizer

¹ Department of Agrotechnology, University of Islam Malang,
² Center For Food Security Studies, Agriculture Faculty, University of Islam Malang Jl. MT. Haryono 193 Malang 65144. East Java, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: anis.sholihah@unisma.ac.id

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of livestock urine utilization on increasing production and iron (Fe) levels in red spinach plants. This study was conducted in January - April 2024, at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic University of Malang. The design used was a factorial randomized block design of two treatment factors, the first factor was liquid organic fertilizer (POC) consisting of 3 levels, namely: (rabbit urine, cow urine and goat urine) and concentration (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ml L^-1). Observation parameters consisted of growth, yield and iron levels in red spinach. Research data were analyzed with using analysis of variance (F test 5%) it was continued with the Tukey test at the 5% level. Rabbit urine POC 150 ml L^-1 showed the best growth and results compared to other treatments with an optimum total wet weight of 502.33 g pot^-1 and an economic fresh weight of 457.00 g pot-1. The administration of POC and its concentration increased growth (26.41% - 76.61%), production (19.88% - 63.04%), and Fe content (42.49% - 67.87%). Treatment with rabbit urine POC at a concentration of 150 ml L^-1 (P1U3) showed the best results compared to other treatments.