The use of citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) as a premix mixture to increase the production and quality of Sapera goat milk

Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

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Abstract

Citronella essential oil (Cymbopogon nardus) contains major compounds such as citronellol, geraniol, and eugenol, which provide a distinctive aroma and possess antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. These bioactive components have potential as feed additives for small ruminants in the form of premix supplements. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding citronella essential oil in a premix on milk production and quality of Sapera dairy goats. Sixteen Sapera goats, aged 18-20 months and in their first lactation, were divided into two groups: control (P0) and treatment (P1). The goats were fed factory-made concentrate supplemented with a premix containing 2.5% citronella essential oil (equivalent to 2% in total feed). The independent variable was the addition of the premix, while the dependent variables were milk production and milk quality (specific gravity, fat, protein, and total solids). Data were analyzed using a paired t-test. Results showed that feed intake was 2,221.28 g/head/day in P0 and 2,552.41 g/head/day in P1. Milk production increased from 853.99 ml/head/day (P0) to 1,026.97 ml/head/day (P1). The addition of 2.5% citronella essential oil in the premix significantly improved milk yield and quality (fat, protein, lactose, and total solids) compared to the control diet.