Preliminary assessment of groundwater quality in the alluvial aquifer using GIS and water quality indices in the Goulmima - Tadighoust area, south-east, Morocco

Laboratory of Geoengineering and Environment, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, B.P11201, Zitoune, Meknes, Morocco.

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Abstract

The Goulmima-Tadighoust region faces significant challenges with its alluvial aquifer, mainly due to intensive groundwater exploitation driven by the Green Morocco plan. This study, conducted in 2019 and 2021, investigates the deterioration of groundwater quality in the area, mapping the Quaternary aquifer using physicochemical parameters. Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to create thematic maps for spatial analysis. Groundwater in the region exhibits two distinct chemical facies, impacted by salinization processes, leading to elevated electrical conductivity. Water quality indicators suggest unsuitability for irrigation due to high salinity and alkalinity. Nitrate pollution is observed, posing a moderate health risk. Factors contributing to water quality degradation include natural contamination, untreated wastewater discharge, improper solid waste disposal, and geological factors. A considerable portion of the study area exhibits a Water Quality Index (WQI) exceeding 200, indicating poor water quality, particularly south of Tadighoust and east of Goulmima oasis.