Salinization and Hydrochemical Dynamics in Coastal Aquifers: A Combined Literature and Scientometric Analysis of the Ghiss-Nekkour Basin

Laboratory of Research and Development in Applied Geosciences, Faculty of Science and Techniques of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco

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Abstract

Groundwater salinity poses a major threat to water security, particularly in arid and semi-arid coastal regions. This study presents a scientometric analysis of research on groundwater salinization and sustainable water resource management in Morocco, with a focus on the Ghiss-Nekkour plain (Al-Hoceima) over the period 2010–2025. The results reveal a sustained growth of scientific output, highlighting Morocco’s leading role in the Mediterranean region, supported by strong international collaborations and increasing specialization in hydrochemical, isotopic, and numerical modeling approaches. Research themes have evolved from descriptive hydrochemical studies to integrated frameworks addressing sustainability, governance, and climate change adaptation. The Ghiss-Nekkour plain exemplifies the challenges of coastal aquifer management, including seawater intrusion, anthropogenic pressure, and recharge deficit. The study emphasizes the need to enhance international visibility, diversify methodological approaches, and develop regional meta-analyses to build integrated hydrochemical models. Establishing national observatories, promoting open science, and strengthening South-South cooperation are recommended to support predictive and sustainable groundwater management. Overall, this work positions the Ghiss-Nekkour plain as a strategic laboratory linking science, governance, and climate resilience, providing a foundation for informed public policy and integrated water resource planning.