Differences in subcutaneous fat composition and skeletal muscle mass between female and male college students

Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract

Differences in body composition between men and women have been the subject of extensive research in physiology, anthropometry, and sports medicine. This study aims to analyze the differences in body composition between male and female students using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) data. Data were collected from 33 students, consisting of 24 males and 9 females, aged 20–24 years. The parameters analyzed included the percentage of subcutaneous fat, skeletal muscle mass, visceral fat, BMI, and basal metabolism. The results show that women have more subcutaneous fat and less skeletal muscle mass than men, with a more even fat distribution and better insulin sensitivity. Men tend to have more muscle mass and less subcutaneous fat, with fat distribution more concentrated in the abdominal area. Overall, these findings strengthen our understanding of physiological differences influenced by hormonal and metabolic factors, and how fat distribution and muscle mass can affect a person's metabolic health. This study provides an important basis for an individualized approach to nutrition and exercise, to optimize athlete health and performance based on each individual's body characteristics.