Designing a conceptual baseline digital traceability prototype and FMECA-based quality risk mapping for Indonesia’s retail-oriented beef post-slaughter cold chain

¹ Food Quality Assurance Supervisor Study Program, Vocational School, IPB University, Indonesia
² Software Engineering Technology Study Program, Vocational School, IPB University, Indonesia
³ Computer Engineering Technology Study Program, Vocational School, IPB University, Indonesia
⁴ Animal Science and Livestock Management Study Program, Vocational School, IPB University, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Indonesia's beef supply chain continues to face quality assurance and traceability challenges, particularly in post-slaughter operations within retail-oriented cold chains. While upstream livestock identification systems are relatively well established, downstream processes such as carcass breakdown, secondary processing, distribution, and retail repackaging often result in identity fragmentation, temperature deviations, and incomplete documentation. This study integrates quality risk analysis with the design of a digital traceability system for post-slaughter beef handling. A bibliometric review of Scopus-indexed literature (2015−2025) yielded 593 eligible journal articles. Fieldwork involved supply chain mapping across one slaughterhouse, one distribution facility, and two retail outlets, supported by observations, document analysis, and expert input. FMECA was applied to prioritize failure modes based on severity, occurrence, and detectability. The findings indicate that key risks are predominantly structural, including identity fragmentation, temperature instability, and undocumented handling practices. A conceptual QR-based traceability prototype using parent-child batch genealogy was developed and evaluated through scenario-based workflow simulation. This study proposes a risk-based traceability framework to enhance batch continuity, governance transparency, and consumer trust in Indonesia's retail beef cold chain.