Strengthening ocean economic development: A multi-stakeholder approach

¹ Graduate Program of Tropical Ocean Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Bogor, IPB University, Indonesia
² Department of Resource and Environmental Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Bogor, IPB University, Indonesia
³ Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, Bogor, IPB University, Indonesia
⁴ Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor, IPB University, Indonesia
⁵ Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources, Research Organization for Earth Sciences and Maritime, Bogor, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Sustainable development of Ocean Economy Sectors (OES) requires not only sectoral progress but also an effective multi-stakeholder approach. Yet, existing studies on OES governance often emphasize economic indicators while overlooking stakeholder influence, dependence, and alignment. This study addresses that gap by analyzing seven sectors in Daerah Khusus Jakarta (DKJ): fisheries, marine tourism, mining, maritime industry, marine transportation, marine construction, and marine services through a multi-stakeholder approach. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey using quantitative and qualitative methods, with thirty respondents from key stakeholder groups in North Jakarta, where OES activities are concentrated. The Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations (MACTOR) method was applied, offering a framework for mapping relations. Influence (Ii) and dependence (Di) scores were derived through pairwise comparisons, using weighted values to capture direct and indirect relationships. Results encompass stakeholder identification and classification (nine groups, central government most influential, settler communities least), OES contributions in DKJ's GRDP (marine construction highest at 42.5%, marine services lowest at <0.01%), the influence-dependence matrix (governmental dominance, limited community power), analysis of relations (moderate convergence 2.5, divergence 1.5), strategic recommendations emphasizing a multi-stakeholder approach, and implications for a sustainable ocean economy in DKJ.