Substantiation of effective land reclamation methods based on the assessment of the physicochemical properties of saline soils in the Syrdarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Scientific Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Problems, Karasu-4/11, Tashkent, 100187, Republic of Uzbekistan

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Abstract

The article presents new effective technologies for desalinating saline soils with complex water-physical and chemical properties. Technologies for reducing soil salinity, alternative to winter washing with a layer of water, are proposed. In the Mirzaabad district of the Syrdarya region, the effectiveness of furrow irrigation using the Biosolvent soil conditioner (pH~2) was studied. Water-saving methods for increasing the leaching of soil salts using deep soil loosening and treatment with a preparation containing organic acids have been experimentally proven: a) decreasing of salinization of abandoned lands with atmospheric precipitation; b) leaching of salinized soils with water supply to furrows. Scientific publications and our own materials have been analysed, and the reasons for the low water permeability and bad leaching of salt of the studied serozem-meadow soils have been identified: increased content of calcium carbonates in the soil and magnesium, - in the soil absorption complex. A direct relationship was established between the reduction in absorbed magnesium content and of toxic salts in the soil. Experiments have proven that the filtration properties of soil can be improved by: a) deep loosening of compacted carbonate soils; b) treating the soil with organic acid, which reduces the magnesium content of the absorption complex.