Evaluation of the effectiveness of organosilicon compounds for increasing the climatic stability of plants

Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev., 49 Timiryazevskaya str., Moscow, 127434, Russia

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Abstract

The article is devoted to solving the problem of recurrent frosts through the use of organosilicon bionutrients for plant treatment. Recurrent frosts are one of the main spring threats to many plants, but they have a more significant impact on orchards. They are especially dangerous after a warm winter and the early start of vegetation, when the plants have already come out of dormancy and lost their natural frost resistance. It has been shown that the death of plant cells during recurrent frosts is a complex process in which the formation of ice crystals in the intercellular space and inside the cells themselves plays a key role. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organosilicon compounds in reducing the proportion of free moisture in plant cells capable of crystallizing at low temperatures. Studies on winter wheat noticeably highlight the organosilicon bionutrient 1-chloromethylsilatran (Mival) according to its effective cryoprotective effect. The triethanolamine salt of orthocresoxyacetic acid (Cresacin) and other bionutrients were significantly inferior to Mival in this action. The results obtained show an even higher efficiency of using the complex bionutrient Mival-Agro, which combines 80% 1-chloromethylsilatran and 20% triethanolamine salt of orthocresoxyacetic acid. It has been shown that the use of the Mival-Agro bionutrient in the cultivation of vineyards and fruit trees increases the frost resistance of plants, yields and the quality of the products obtained. Treatment of apple trees after flowering with Mival-Agro (200 mg/l) and Cresacin reduced ovary loss. As a result of processing, there was a clear tendency to increase the weight of fruits and increase the ascorbic acid content to 30-36 mg% with 24-27 mg% in the control. The optimal concentration of Mival-Agro when processing vines damaged by frost is 0.02%.