Coral reef condition in Kepulauan Seribu during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2021-2025)

Ratna Clara Laksmitha; Muhammad Zidan Alif Saputra; Dewanti Putri Edtri; Muhammad Farhan Haidar Rahman; Savana Zalma Al Husna; Naura Cahyani Hamidah; Qonita Sinatrya; Nurul Wahidah Qurrotu’ayni Manik; Firsta Kusuma Yudha

doi:10.1051/bioconf/202624501001

Open Access

Issue		BIO Web Conf. Volume 245, 2026 International Symposium on Aquatic Sciences and Resources Management (4^th ISARM 2026)


Article Number		01001
Number of page(s)		5
Section		Ecosystem Science, Connectivity, and Resilience
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202624501001
Published online		13 July 2026

BIO Web of Conferences 245, 01001 (2026)

Coral reef condition in Kepulauan Seribu during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2021-2025)

Ratna Clara Laksmitha¹^,2^**, Muhammad Zidan Alif Saputra¹^,4, Dewanti Putri Edtri¹^,2, Muhammad Farhan Haidar Rahman¹^,4, Savana Zalma Al Husna¹^,3, Naura Cahyani Hamidah¹^,4, Qonita Sinatrya¹^,5, Nurul Wahidah Qurrotu’ayni Manik¹^,6 and Firsta Kusuma Yudha¹^,2

¹ Fisheries Diving Club, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia 16680
² Department of Aquatic Resources Management, FPIK-IPB, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia 16680
³ Department of Fisheries Resources Utilization, FPIK-IPB, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia 16680
⁴ Department of Marine Science and Technology, FPIK-IPB, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia 16680
⁵ Division of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies, International Research Institute for Maritime, Ocean and Fisheries (i-MAR), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia 16127
⁶ Fisheries Resource Center of Indonesia (FRCI) of Rekam Nusantara Foundation, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, 16129

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an anthropause phenomenon characterized by a reduction in human activities and interactions with ecosystems, including coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs. This study aims to analyze changes in coral reef conditions in the Seribu Islands during and after the pandemic over the period 2021–2025. Observations were conducted at two stations, namely Barat Pulau Pramuka (BPR) and Selatan Pulau Panggang (SPG), using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method at a depth of 3–5 m with three replicates. The results show that the benthic substrate at BPR was dominated by abiotic components, whereas SPG was dominated by hard coral. Hard coral cover at BPR remained in poor condition, showing an increasing trend from 2021 to 2024, followed by a decline in 2025, indicating an unstable recovery pattern. In contrast, SPG did not exhibit clear changes related to the pandemic period, but it remained dominated by hard coral, with the highest cover recorded in 2025 (87.28%). The dominant lifeforms at both stations were submassive, massive, and encrusting. The findings suggest that changes in coral reef conditions were influenced not only by reduced human activities during the pandemic but also by local environmental factors

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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