Mycobiota features of aphyllophorales mushrooms in arid conditions of the south-east Euroopean Russia

Nadezhda Kuragina

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20181100027

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Volume 11 (2018)

BIO Web Conf., 11 (2018) 00027

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Issue		BIO Web Conf. Volume 11, 2018 IV(VI)^th All-Russia Scientific-Practical Conference “Prospects of Development and Challenges of Modern Botany”


Article Number		00027
Number of page(s)		4
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20181100027
Published online		21 August 2018

BIO Web of Conferences 11, 00027 (2018)

Mycobiota features of aphyllophorales mushrooms in arid conditions of the south-east Euroopean Russia

Nadezhda Kuragina^*

Volgograd State University, Departament of biology, 400062, Universitetsky Ave., 100, Volgograd, Russia

^* Corresponding author: pipenko87@mail.ru

Abstract

An analysis of the biota of the aphyllophorales mushrooms carried out in the territory of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain natural park within the Volgograd region. Based on the results of the conducted researches, 170 species of the study group are noted in the park. The great majority of identified species are saprotrophs on dead fallen wood. The largest number of species was found on Quercus robur, Populus alba, P. nigra и Fraxinus lanceolata. The largest number mushrooms ecological groups for moisture are mesophiles and xerophiles, which is typical for the arid zone.

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1 Introduction

The natural park «Volga-Akhtuba floodplain» is located between the Volga River and its sleeve Akhtuba, representing the vegetation islet in the middle of plain zone. There are azonal and extrazonal primitive plant aggregation and a peculiar flora of tree and shrubbery plantings unique to the arid South-East of European Russia [1, 2].

Until now, systematic study of the mycobiota of the northern part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain (hereinafter VAF) has not been carried out, in the literature there exists fragmentary information about the species composition of the aphyllophorales mushrooms and their ecology features in the region [2-7].

At the same time, it should be emphasized that it is the northern part of the VAF within the Volgograd region that is the most representative part of the VAF with the maximum diversity of landscapes, forest communities and the corresponding flora and mycobiota.

The goal of research is to study the species composition and the ecology of the aphyllophorales mushrooms in the territory of the VAF within the Volgograd region.

2 Materials and Methods

The mycobiota VAF research carried out according to classical methods [8-12]. The total number of samples collected was more than 1000.

Species determined using the works of domestic and foreign mycologists [13-22].

Mushroom identification carried out on the basis of light microscopy («BIOLAM RFN-11») using a standard set of reagents and electron microscope (scanning electron microscope Versa 3D) (figure 1). Samples tabulated based on the Microsoft Access 2007 application.

Fig. 1.

Electron microscope image of mushroom spores Cerioporus squamosus (Huds.) Quél.

3 Results and its discussion

At present, in the territory of the VAF within the Volgograd region 170 aphyllophorales mushroom species were identified. According to the trophic affiliation, more than 90% of all the identified aphyllophorales mushroom belong to saprotrophs, which develop mainly on dead wood (deadwood and fallen trunks, stumps, fallen branches, etc.). Dead fallen wood is one of the most populated mushroom substrates, and some species found also on weakened trees (for example, species such as Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst., Cerioporus squamosus (Huds.) Quél., Schizophyllum commune Fr. etc.), dead trees (Porostereum spadiceum (Pers.) Hjortstam et Ryvarden, Vuilleminia comedens (Nees) Maire etc.) and on burned wood (Coniophora arida (Fr.) P. Karst., Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat., Phlebia rufa (Pers.) M. P. Christ. etc.).

For example, species such as Fomitiporia robusta (P. Karst.) Fiasson et Niemelä, Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat., Phellinus pomaceus (Pers.) Maire, Ph. tremulae (Bondartsev) Bondartsev et P. N. Borisov, Pseudoinonotus dryadeus (Pers.) T. Wagner et M. Fisch. parasitize on living trees and die after their withering away. But mushroom species found also that remain viable after the tree death (Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar, Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With., Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat., G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. etc.).

Analyzing the substrate confinement revealed that the prevail number of mushroom is associated with the wood of only broad-leaved trees, the most rich in the species composition of the aphyllophorales mushroom Quercus robur L., Populus ssp. и Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. (figure. 2). The most species specificity have Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris и Fraxinus lanceolate. 30 stenotrophic mushroom were recorded on Quercus robur (for example, Abortiporus biennis (Bull.) Singer, Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers., etc.), on Pinus sylvestris – 14 stenotrophic species (Asterodon ferruginosus Pat., Auriscalpium vulgare Gray, etc.), on Fraxinus lanceolate – 11 stenotrophic plant (Ceraceomyces serpens (Tode) Ginns, Byssomerulius corium (Pers.) Parmasto, etc.).

Mycobiota ecological analysis of the northern part of the VAF by moisture showed that mesophiles with a rather high number of xerophiles prevail, which is due to the climatic conditions of the dry-steppe plain zone [23-25].

Fig. 2.

Confinedness of aphyllophorales mushroom to a different substrate. Note. Above the columns are indicated the total number of mushroom species on this substrate. Black color marked stenotrophic species.

4 Conclusions

The carried out researches showed that the biota of the aphyllophorales mushroom of the VAF is an original complex, different from the mycobiota of the Volgograd region. The natural park inhabits some mushroom species that determine the analyzed mycobiota originality and can be considered as including habitats of rare mushroom species (for example, Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With., Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst.) and their complexes, which determines the need to give some of them environmental status [26].

I express my gratitude to Vlasenko V.A. (CSBG SB RAS), Sagalaev V.A. (VolSU) for the consultation, to Volobuev S.V. (BIN RAS) for the assistance in the identification of certain mushroom species, to Golovanova M.A. (VolSU) for the assistance in the collection of mushrooms and many others.

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All Figures

	Fig. 1. Electron microscope image of mushroom spores Cerioporus squamosus (Huds.) Quél.
In the text

	Fig. 2. Confinedness of aphyllophorales mushroom to a different substrate. Note. Above the columns are indicated the total number of mushroom species on this substrate. Black color marked stenotrophic species.
In the text

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