Open Access
Table
COPD incidence risk in relation to external gamma-ray and internal alpha-particle exposures (ERR/Gy)
| ERR/Gy (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Bнeшнee γ-oблyчeниe | Bнyтpeннee α-oблyчeниe | |
Follow-up periods (0 year lag) : over the whole dose range |
||
| 1948–2008 | 0.03 (-0.05; 0.14) | 0.79 (0.17; 1.78) |
| 1948–1960 | -0.06 (-0.15; 0.08) | 0.15 (na; 1.45) |
| 1961–2008 | 0.10 (-0.02; 0.26) | 1.19 (0.32; 2.53) |
| 1961–2008 follow-up period | ||
Analyses with imposed lags |
||
| 5 years | 0,09 (-0,03; 0,25) | 1,14 (0,22; 2,61) |
| 10 years | 0,08 (-0,04; 0,23) | 1,13 (0,15; 2,75) |
| 15 years | 0,09 (-0,04; 0,25) | 1,28 (0,19; 3,08) |
| 20 years | 0,11 (-0,03; 0,29) | 1,94 (0,39; 4,50) |
Analysis without adjustments for risk factors |
||
| Smoking | 0,16 (0,04; 0,32) | 0,79 (0,19; 1,69) |
| Alpha-radiation | 0,20 (0,08; 0,34) | 0,40 (0,04; 0,93) |
| Alpha-radiation and smoking | 0,24 (0,12; 0,40) | 0,39 (0,04; 0,88) |
| Alpha-radiation, smoking and facility type | 0,12 (0,03; 0,22) | 0,45 (0,10; 0,94) |
Analysis restricted with data on workers of |
||
| Facility type: | ||
| Reactors | 0,12 (-0,11; 0,50) | – |
| Radiochemical plant | -0,09 (-0,26; 0,18) | 0,63 (na; 2,46) |
| Plutonium production plant | 0,19 (0,004; 0,48) | 1,65 (0,38; 3,97) |
| P1 =0,09 | P1 = 0,36 | |
| Sex: | ||
| Males | 0,10 (-0,03; 0,27) | 1,45 (0,32; 3,20) |
| Females | 0,13 (na; 0,67) | 0,74 (na; 3,10) |
| P2 > 0,50 | P2 > 0,50 | |
| Attained age (years): | ||
| < 40 | 0,32 (na; 1,24) | 0,37 (na; na) |
| 40 – 49 | -0,03 (na; 0,27) | 0,88 (na; 5,91) |
| 50 – 59 | -0,02 (-0,17; 0,23) | 1,47 (na; 4,15) |
| 60 + | 0,32 (0,03; 0,82) | 0,82 (na; 3,85) |
| P3 =0,12 | P3 = 0,36 | |
| P4 =0,24 | P4 = 0,37 | |
| Smoking status: | ||
| Never-smokers | 0,10 (na; 0,57) | 0,87 (na; 2,96) |
| Former smokers | 0,40 (0,00; 1,28) | 2,09 (na; 9,59) |
| Smokers | 0,10 (-0,05; 0,33) | 1,30 (na; 3,70) |
| P5 > 0,50 | P5 > 0,50 | |
| Smoking index (pack-years): | ||
| 0 (did not smoke) | 0,10 (na; 0,57) | 0,87 (na; 2,96) |
| <10 | -0,15 (na; na) | 0,94 (na; na) |
| ≥ 10 | 0,15 (-0,01; 0,37) | 1,56 (0,25; 3,64) |
| P6 = 0,37 | P6 > 0,50 | |
| Pre-employment hazardous factors: | ||
| Yes | 0,15 (-0,02; 0,40) | 0,52 (na; 2,09) |
| Potentially | 0,02 (-0,17; 0,37) | -0,05 (na; na) |
| No | 0,12 (-0,12; 0,53) | 4,08 (1,44; 8,54) |
| P7 > 0,50 | P7 = 0,01 | |
na –95% CI were not definedP1 – test for heterogeneity between workers of radiochemical and plutonium production plants;P2 – test for heterogeneity between male and female workers;P3 – test for heterogeneity among various age groups of workers;P4 – test for log-linear trend for ERR/Gy with attained age;P5 – test for heterogeneity among groups of workers with various smoking statuses;P6 – test for heterogeneity among groups of workers with various smoking indexes (< 10 и 10 pack-years);P7 – test for heterogeneity between groups of workers exposed and unexposed to hazardous industrial factors prior to Mayak PA employment. |
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