The climate change influences and trends on the grapevine growing in Southern Romania: A long-term study

Open Access

Table 1.

The main climatic parameters and bioclimatic indices during the experimentation period (1998–2018) compared to the reference period (1961–1997).

Climatic parameters and bioclimatic indices	Average1961–1997 ± SD	Average1998–2018 ± SD	Difference(±)
Average annual temperature, ^∘C	11.15 ± 0.62^a	11.89 ± 0.61^b	+0.74
Average temperature in the growing season (IV–X), ^∘C	17.64 ± 0.62^a	18.38 ± 0.74^b	+0.74
Average temperature in summer (VI–VIII), ^∘C	21.76 ± 0.78^a	22.97 ± 1.01^b	+ 1.21
Average temperature in the warmest month, ^∘C	22.89 ± 1.12^a	24.27 ± 1.17^b	+ 1.38
Average annual minimum temperature, ^∘C	4.93 ± 0.62^∗a	5.27 ± 0.63^a	+ 0.34
Average minimum temperature, in the growingseason (IV–X), ^∘C	10.30 ± 0.51^∗a	10.71 ± 0.69^b	+ 0.41
Average minimum temperature in summer (VI–VIII), ^∘ C	14.32 ± 0.67^∗a	14.82 ± 0.78^b	+ 0.50
Average minimum temperature, in the warmest month, ^∘C	15.20 ± 0.96^∗a	15.69 ± 0.90^a	+ 0.49
Average of absolute minimum temperature, ^∘C	− 15.87 ± 3.61^a	− 18.76 ± 4.27^b	− 2.89
Absolute minimum temperature, ^∘C	− 23.7	− 25.7	− 2
Average annual maximum temperature, ^∘C	16.50 ± 0.93^∗a	17.75 ± 0.65^b	+1.24
Average maximum temperature in the growing season (IV–X), ^∘C	23.89 ± 0.72^∗a	25.15 ± 0.90^b	+1.26
Average maximum temperature in summer (VI-VIII), ^∘C	28.10 ± 0.96^∗a	29.99 ± 1.26^b	+1.89
Average maximum temperature in the warmest month, ^∘C	29.55 ± 1.44^∗a	31.54 ± 1.55^b	+1.99
Annual total precipitation, mm	613 ± 125^a	632 ± 152^a	+19.27
Total precipitation in the growing season (IV–X), mm	398 ± 116^a	419 ± 133^a	+21.05
Total precipitation in summer (VI–VIII), mm	195 ± 67^a	177 ± 67^a	− 18.63
Huglin index (HI)	2236 ± 156^∗a	2416 ± 149^b	+180
Winkler index (WI)	1632 ± 142^∗a	1792 ± 159^b	+160
Cool night index (CNI)	10.24 ± 1.51^∗a	10.91 ± 1.22^a	+0.67

^∗1977–1997; ^∗∗a, b – letters indicate T-Test differences (α = 0.05).

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