© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020

1 Introduction

It is known that continuous mental stress and overwork without physical relaxation provoke hard functional disorders, degradation and approach of premature old age. Many scientists [1-20] determined that regular physical exercises reduce cholesterol amount in blood which promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Simultaneously activation of anti coagulation system preventing thrombus appearance in blood vessels occurs. At the expense of moderate increase of total number of potassium ions and decrease of sodium ions in blood myocardium contractile function is normalized. Taking this fact into consideration it is no wonder that, for example, in Switzerland in small towns situated in mountains where citizens can only move and run there registered no cases of cardiovascular diseases. Such long uniform physical activity as run strengthen immune system at the expense of activation, renovation and increasing of white corpuscles’ composition, stimulate blood formation increasing hemoglobin in blood. Medical observations showed that regular run activity can influence the renovation of digestive cells, inhibit the process of muscular tissue substitution by adipose one and normalization of cholesterol amount in blood protect both atherosclerosis development and canceration. Physical exercises are the important means of carbohydrate metabolism disturbance protection. During physical activity it could open 2500 capillaries on 1 mm of muscle cross section against 30-80 ones in the state of rest. The greatest increase of capillaries amount occurs in the cortex of frontal lobe. Simultaneously the increase of capillaries’ length and density of capillary network was registered. The urgency of the given research is becoming greater from year to year as it has tremendous importance in the development of world science and in improvement of peoples’ health.

2 Materials and Methods

Experimental program of physical culture and technology of its realization was developed on the base of carried out research. The goal of experimental program is the strengthening of educational function and rebuilding of organizational forms of physical training both at lessons and during students’ independent activity. Experimental work was organized with the aim to achieve this goal. The control group (45 persons) included the first year students trained according to the traditional form of education. Control group consisted of 45 students who were trained according to the experimental program. The experiment was conducted during the academic year. At the end of the year there were made control tests (sections).

Analysis of the world social cultural and educational tendencies shows that in the last years the object of great attention of society and the subject of inter disciplinary research in many developed countries became different aspects of human behavior in respect of their health. Different systems of healthy life-style education are being tested [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9]. The commonly accepted opinion of specialists in the field of physical culture consists in the necessity of students’ physical culture system reformation on the base of the principles of humanistic pedagogy, ethics and psychology aimed at self-development of the trained individuals. The analysis of students’ physical culture system allows stating the number of its main contradictions which are characterized by:

• the presence of physical culture innovative programs and non-developed adequate technologies of their realization;

• the necessity of students’ physical culture level of scholarship and the lack of teachers’ preparedness to its development;

• the importance of students’ manifestation of the subjective position in physical culture educational process and poor utilization of pedagogical technologies developing individuality and providing its manifestation and formation;

• aiming of educational process at physical culture formation and utilitarian-applied orientation of estimation criteria of success in educational material mastering stipulated by the physical culture program.

During the analysis of the physical culture studies organization at universities in whole as well as students’ attitude to these studies the following tendencies should be mentioned:

• low students’ interest to physical culture studies, especially those which are conducted in traditional form; poor account of needs, motives and value orientations of students in transformation of their physical nature;

• insufficient readiness of students, especially of the first year students, to turn to the organization of independent forms of physical culture activity, to the strengthening of their health and enlargement of creative longevity;

• lack of correspondence between the competence level of physical culture teacher and the modern requirements; this discrepancy appears in insufficient professional readiness to master new forms of physical exercises knowledge, modern technologies demanding the mastering of individual systems, means, methods and forms of their organization;

• the lack of teaching and methodological literature on students’ individual self-development by means of physical culture.

All these fact induced us to develop sociological analysis of student by means of physical culture.

3 Results and Discussion

The goal of study: familiarization of students with regular studies of physical culture and sport, motion activity, improvement of organism functional ability by means of introduction innovative pedagogic system aimed at individual development in students’ educational process. In the process of educational work and functioning of pedagogical system at university the solution of the following problems is carried out: improvement of students’ physical development, achievement of high training level, functional state and training organism; teaching of moral, esthetic, motion culture, of aspiration for health, beauty, love and harmony; development of need for self-realization, selfdevelopment of individual, breeding of self-respect and sense of respect to other people, formation of readiness to selfdevelopment, self-developing activity, objective self-appraisal; moral development, correction of value scale; mentality, formation of visions and ideas. It is obvious that oxygen feeding of brain cells promotes improvement both of physical and mental efficiency. In other words physical culture substantially assists mental activity. It coincides with Aristotle’s affirmation about the fact that thoughts flow quicker when the body is warmed up by the walk. As it is known he conducted lessons while walking with his pupils. And on the contrary, the lack of muscular movements makes our muscles weak and our brain open to cerebral affection.

In our age of atom and cybernetics intellectual work more and more displaces physical one or become closely intertwined with it. But as many scientists think hard mental work demands very good physical training of a man. Many foreign scientists [1-20] believe that special «mental gymnastics» helps to support high intellectual efficiency. Such gymnastics concerns the so called headstand. This exercise together with legs bending and extension in knee and hip joints not only intensifies brain cells blood supply, reinforces vessels but promotes venous blood outflow from lower extremity and pelvic organs, i.e. they are the important means of varicose, piles and lithonephria prevention. In order to save from illnesses and suffering it is necessary to modify one’s own individuality. Such even motion as running strengthens immune system at the expense of activation, renewing and increasing the number of white blood cells. Running is one of the most efficient means for good health. It is the necessary factor for organism. All organs of our body were formed in conditions of constant motion during millions of years. When the motion is restricted the functions of organs are violated. If it we take into consideration that after this running he took part in the battle we can only be surprised by his stamina. Despite the usefulness of running it should be done under control according to the recommendations developed by specialists. Otherwise the result could be quite sad. For example, James Fix, the initiator of mass passion for running in the USA, died suddenly at the age of 52 during the regular jogging. In the opinion of doctors the cause of his death became the inherited propensity for myocardial infarction, the presence of such risk factors as often smoking and excess weight. According to pathologists his heart and blood vessels were excellent. So, movement is the essence of life. Movement is the base of health. We emphasize: not morning exercises, even not sport lessons several times a week but constant round-the-clock culture of attitude to oneself, optimal physical life-style make human existence of full-value.

Statement of the problem. Qualitative professional training of students at university is impossible without their energetic educational and labour activity. Economic and social reasons which do not allow making the period of education longer enforce to intensify it. This process requires students’ will mobilization, their psychophysical, moral and physical power. However, today it is impossible to put question about restriction of increasing tension in the process of education. So, if it is impossible to free students from psycho emotional and physical tension (and it is probably worth seeking to this), then it is necessary to increase resistance of adaptive body mechanisms to emotional stresses and to streamline their educational activity. It is necessary to teach students healthy life-style for which unity and reasonability of self-organization and self-discipline, self-regulation and self-development processes are typical. These processes are oriented to full-fledge realization of one’s own essential forces, gifts and abilities.

Formation of citizens’ healthy life-style (HLS) as the goal of national importance and security is specially updated in the modern world practice as by 2018 it will have been necessary to provide «mortality reduction» at the expense of «arrangements aimed at healthy life-style formation». Different approaches to the realizing of «healthy life-style» phenomenon allow concluding that it unites all things which promote fulfillment of professional, social and everyday functions in the optimal for men’s health conditions and orients individual activity to forming, keeping and strengthening both personal and social health. We carried out sociological research of Students’ Healthy Life-style which showed young people’s attitude to themselves, to their mode of life and health in whole.

Analysis of HLS study. Recently there has been appeared special attention to the students’ HLS. This fact tells about government and society concern of the university graduates’ health, of the incidence rate in the process of professional training, of labour activity reduction. So, it is necessary to consider health and HLS as one of the important educational value аs society and student’s personality [1].

Students’ health and university educational environment. Studying at university is a complicated and quite long process having the number of characteristic features and making high demands for psyche and physiological functions flexibility of young people. After admission to university there happens the break of yesterday’s schoolchildren vital stereotypes. The initial period of training plays sufficient role in the development of adaptive and compensatory mechanisms. Student’s health and ailment depends to a great extent on this period. On the base of neurologic status and cardiovascular system study of 2100 first year students there were selected 4 groups: practically healthy students – 1500 persons (70%), students with raised blood pressure - 250 persons (11%), students with phenomenon of hypotension - persons (4%), students with functional neural disorder - 280 persons (13%). In total the second, third and fourth groups involved 25% of the first year students having problems in the level of health. Analysis of patients’ files showed that most students taking the academic holidays (80%) began to ill during the first or second years of studies. The reasons of their illness appeared to overpressure and overload in the process of training [1, p. 52]. Diagnostics of students’ level of health carried out at university showed that only 5% of tested students had good locomotive system, 20% of students had functional disorders and 60% of students were in preand pathological state. Only 5% of tested students had normal digestive system, 80% of students had functional disorders and 6% of students were in pre- or pathological state. In whole this study showed the presence of subjective complaints and objectively approved pathologies in one or several systems and organs of the most number of tested students. None of the tested students could receive conclusion «absolutely healthy» and only 13% of them could be characterized as «symbolically healthy» (i.e. they had only functional disorders) [2, p. 16]. Study of psyche component of students’ health showed considerable cases of asthenia depression and a great number of functional neuropsychic disorders. Only 20% of 312 students of natural sciences and humanities presented stable mentality. Even in the 1980s there were marked the growth of students’ nervous system functional disorders – the so called in-between mental state. Disorders of students’ nervous system increase from the first to the third year of studies, and boys in technical universities are in poor health more often. Nervous-psyche disorders develop against the background of social nonadaptive syndrome, mental overloading in the period of passing examinations, on the base of inter-personal conflicts [3, p. 23].

Comparing the results of studies made in different regions of the country it is observed stereotyped picture of students’ health worsening during their study at university subject to ecological situation and climatic and geographical conditions [2; 3; 4; 5; 6]. Attitude to one’s health is provided by objective conditions including education. It becomes apparent in actions, emotional experience and verbally realized opinions and judgments of people concerning factors influencing their mental and physical condition. Empirical criteria of relation to health can serve the degree of conformity between person’s actions and requirements for healthy life-style as well as standard requirements of medicine, sanitation and hygiene. In the advanced opinions and judgments the level of individual awareness and competence is presented. Relation to one’s health includes self-appraisal of own physical and mental state which is the indicator and regulator of person’s behavior.

Analysis of literature [7; 8; 9-20] showed that in hierarchy of values students consider health to be in the leading positions. Thus, according to different sources of information (average indicators were taken) health as universal value was highly assessed by 70% (±5,0) of boys and girls (girls’ assessment was higher). Meanwhile health is correlated with the other universal values: happy family life, comprehensive and balanced development, mental ability, etc. At the same time it is mentioned that the value of health as the means of other goals achievement (achievement of material welfare, career, etc.) appears to be more important for students than the value of health as the means of long and valuable life.

According to our results (there were tested 360 students of different years of study) the main bulk of young people do not seriously relate to their health. Thus, there were given the following answers to the question if the students watch over their health: regularly watch - 11% of boys, 20% of girls; watch from time to time - 30% of boys, 35% of girls; begin to watch only in case if feel unwell 45% of boys, 30% of girls. Students do not know their pulse rate in the rest, their blood pressure. Other researchers mark similar students’ relation to their health [3; 10]. As it was mentioned above, most students think that their health is the necessary condition for the life of good quality, but only small part of them considerably attend their health. This fact leads to the appearance of one more contradiction between verbal awareness of health value and energetic voluntary activity concerning its keeping and strengthening. For example, E.A.Zhitnitskaya et.al mentioned that many students with chronic pathology of respiratory apparatus smoke and are not going to come off with cigarettes. Those who have chronic illness of gastrointestinal tract break the diet and those who suffer from locomotor apparatus disease neglect exercise therapy [3, р. 40].

The necessary and main precondition for health maintenance is the healthy life-style as the standard model, system of common conditions, arrangements promoting health strengthening and keeping. Numerous researches made possible to conclude in theory and in practice that life-style influence human health for 45%, environment influence it for 18%, heredity effect health for 13% and medicine – only for 9%. Students highly assess healthy life-style but their real behavior contradicts expressed opinion and judgment of HLS value. There were received the following answers for the question if the students lead a healthy life: in general yes - 20%, rather yes than no -12%, rather no than yes -30%, found difficulty in replying -12%. Analysis of the results show that more than 45% of students do not lead the main elements of life activity regime, they have no formed purpose of rational time planning. They violate the norms of mental activity, of everyday life, of meals, of staying in fresh air and doing physical exercises. It is known that modern system of education demands for considerable students’ mental activity, but the results of testing show that only 42% of students learn systematically and independently while all the rest study from time to time. Physiologists determined that the best time for beginning independent preparation for studies is the afternoon, 16 p.m. During our study we revealed that 30% of students fulfill their tasks in definite time, all the rest do this work in any time of a day. Considerable part of tested students - 5% - begin to learn the material from 20 to 22 p.m. and some of students start to do their work even later which leads to the poor preparation.

In order to support mental activity on high level and to maintain health it is necessary to alternate studies with the rest correctly. The best rest is sleeping in definite time not less than 7-8 hours. But 44% of students do not lead sleeping regime, many of them feels shortage of it as they go to bed after midnight or even later which influence negatively their mental efficiency. Numerous studies of physiologists, psychologists, hygienists and specialists of рedagogics show that the regime of motion activity considerably influences the quality of students’ education. It has been stated that the most suitable motion regime is equal to 6-8 hours a week. This motion regime is maintained only by 20% of tested students while most young people – 70% do physical exercise during 2 - 4 hours including physical culture studies at university. Physical culture lessons are attended regularly 40% of students, all the rest – 50% of students attend these lessons from time to time. And only small part of students does physical exercises independently. In order to answer the main question, namely, what we can do to achieve the general goal – the growth of the efficiency of students’ HLS formation process – the investigation of already available information on this problem both in theory and in practice is required. Without this knowledge it is impossible to define the mechanism of the given process control, the choice of means and methods of the goal-oriented actions. Theoretical foundation of this problem solution has been given by sociological, medico biological, psychological and pedagogical research. Scientists discuss general problems of students’ health and mode of life; study the influence of different factors on students’ HLS formation; study the level of students’ knowledge in this subject.

The tendency of this problem solution reconsideration, the ways of its solving reflecting the replacement of the accent from the sphere of medicine to pedagogics have been outlined. Such tendency is connected with the fact that the main «risk factors» have behavioral basis, so the mode of persons’ life plays an important role in keeping and strengthening of his health. In the rational organization of such life-style sufficient importance has education and physical culture.

In the opinion of many scientists theory and practice of public health will inevitably follow the concept of attack, the concept of physically cultural life-style. According to the forecasts of medical science representatives the most important element of this will be goal-oriented growth of human organism’s systems and functions efficiency by means of physical culture [4; 5; 11-15]. Physical culture unites many components: culture of motion activity, conditioning to the cold, breathing, mills, massage, meditation, utilization of natural factors. Just in this respect it is necessary to speak about physical culture. Then it is obvious that physical culture is the basis and driving force of healthy life-style formation. It is necessary to mention that realizing of physical culture role as one of the leading factors of students’ HLS formation serves the tendency of insistent search for efficient pedagogical activity, approaches, and technologies of students’ HLS formation by means of physical culture. Monographs, teaching aids, methodological materials are published; doctors’ and candidates’ theses are defended. All these materials contain theoretical and practical prerequisites of successful solution of the given problem [12; 13; 14-20].

In the papers devoted to the different aspects of this problem it is specially mentioned that the attempts to revive at universities physical-cultural, health-improving and sport-mass work by means of the old organizational forms and methods do not give necessary results as a rule. Professionals state that unfortunately physical culture studies at universities are aimed at the problems connected with indicators of physical training, credit standards of educational program. Due to this many publications contain the idea of necessity to develop such programs and technological models of students’ HLS formation by means of physical culture which can substantially improve the problem situation, can change the students’ attitude to the health and mode of life. The second reason for improving the situation consists in the fact that our country enters the system of competence education and in order to march in step with higher education modernization it is necessary to rebuild the process of the discipline named as «Physical culture» teaching and its didactic component «Foundations of healthy life-style» on the base of competence approach. And naturally the question arises: what should be done in order the competence approach being in coordination with the existed innovative concepts and models of students’ physical training (proved their practical reasonability) will be used in practical work of the physical culture departments together with the other approaches (personality-oriented, action approach, differentiated one, etc.). But developing this innovative direction of students HLS formation by means of physical culture it is necessary to realize the resources of university’s educational environment: administrative resource (development of Corresponding university programs, planning of health supporting arrangements, HLS propaganda, support, financing, control, etc.); resources of educational process (introduction of special HLS course, interdisciplinary relations, organization of physical cultural and health-improving arrangements, cultural-mass and free-time work); utilization of regulated (forms of studies) and non-regulated (different forms of independent work) educational environment potential; the resource of public organizations (trade union, sports club, youth associations, etc.); medical service (regular medical inspection, diagnostics of their level of health, preventive measures, medical support, etc.).

This year at our university there have been formed 60 groups of health for additional studies. Moreover, two times a week students attend physical culture lessons if they wish, they can choose any kind of sport or be trained according to the chosen system of exercises. These studies are conducted under control of teachers and medical staff. We do not only speak about HLS, we provide it in practice.

4 Conclusions

Results of the research showed that modern students aspire to support their health. Most tested students consider healthy life-style as regular meals, good sleep, going in for sports and denial of unhealthy habits. However, young people do not always follow these simple rules. It is necessary to activate the work of physical culture departments in this direction and to carry out scientific research of this problem.

References