Physical and chemical characteristics of Wastewater from the Fez Industrial Sector in Morocco

Open Access

Issue		BIO Web Conf. Volume 212, 2026 1^st International Conference on Environment, Energy, and Materials for Sustainable Development (IC2EM-SDT’25)


Article Number		01025
Number of page(s)		10
DOI		https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202621201025
Published online		23 January 2026

Exposto L.A.S., M.N. Lino, J.A.C. Quim, M.J. Goncalves, H.P. Vicente, Effort s to improve clean water quality to support community health, Int. J. Heal. Sci. 1 (2021) 236–251. [Google Scholar]
Elassassi Z., I. Ougrad, I. Bedoui, M. Kara, M. El Bouch, A. Assouguem, M. Fadli, R. Almeer, H.R.H. Mohamed, I. Peluso, A. Chaouch, Spatial and temporal variations of the water quality of the Tiflet River, Province of Khemisset, Morocco, Water 14 (2022) 1–16 (Basel). [Google Scholar]
El Abdouni, A., Bouhout, S., Merimi, I., Hammouti, B. & Haboubi, K. Physicochemical characterization of wastewater from the Al-Hoceima slaughterhouse in Morocco. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 19, 423–429 (2021). [Google Scholar]
Hayzoun, H., Ouammou, A., Saidi, O., et al. Evaluation de la qualité bactériologique et chimique du Sebou, Maroc (Assessment of the bacteriological and chemical quality of the Sebou River, Morocco). Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 2014, vol. 5, no S2, p. 2438–2443. [Google Scholar]
Chaturwedi, A. K., Kashyap, K., Gupta, P., Biswas, S., Shriwas, S. K., Vaishnav, M. M., & Hait, M. (2024). Industrial Effluents and their Impact on Water Pollution-An Overview. ES General. DOI:10.30919/esg1203 https://www.espublisher.com/journals/articledetails/1203/. [Google Scholar]
Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Marshall F. Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2007;66(2):258–266.. [Google Scholar]
Hossain, N. B. & Rahman, M. 2022 An overview on the impacts of textile effluents on the aquatic ecosystem in Turag River at Bangladesh. Journal of Textile Science and Fashion Technology 9 (4). doi:10.33552/JTSFT.2022.09.000719. [Google Scholar]
Amri N., M. Benslimane, H. Zaoui, M. Hamedoun, B. Outiti, Evaluation of the Heavy Metals Accumulate in Samples of the Sediments, Soils and Plants by ICP-OES with the Average Sebou, The Moroccan statistical physical and condensed matter society, 2007, pp. 43e51. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph16111957. [Google Scholar]
Azzaoui S., M.E. Hanbali, M. Leblanc, Copper, lead, iron and manganese in the Sebou drainage basin; sources and impact on surface water quality, Water Pollut. Res. J. Can. 37 (2002) 773e784. https://doi:10.2166/wqrj.2002.052. [Google Scholar]
Fronczak M., K. Pyrzy_nska, A. Bhattarai, Improved adsorption performance of activated carbon covalently functionalized with sulphur-containing ligands in the removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16 (2019) 7921e7932, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02398-0. [Google Scholar]
Idrissi N., F.Z. Elmadani, M. Ben Abbou, M. Taleb, K. El Rhazi, C. Nejjari, Z. Rais, Assessment of the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of oued Fez and Sebou downstream of Fez after the launch of the wastewater treatment plant: impact on health, Morocco, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 9 (2018) 1182e1192, https://doi.org/10.26872/jmes.2018.9.4.130. [Google Scholar]
Alewi, H. K., Abood, E. A. & Ali, G. An inquiry into the relationships between BOD5, COD, and TOC in Tigris River, Maysan Province, Iraq. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 20, 37–43 (2022). [Google Scholar]
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Regional_map_of_Morocco_-_post_2015.svg. [Google Scholar]
ISO 5667-3 version 2018: Water qualitysamplingpart 3: preservation and handling of water samples [Google Scholar]
General limit values for liquid discharges (2018). Available at https://www.environnement.gov.ma/images/Normes/Eau/VLG_2018_des_rejets_industrielsliquides.pdf. [Google Scholar]
Zoufri, I., Merzouki, M., Ammari, M., El Byari, Y., & Bari, A. (2024). Investigation of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of brassware effluents : Insight into the charge of heavy metal and pollutants in wastewater from Fez, Morocco. Advances in Environmental Technology, 10(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.22104/aet.2024.6382.1748. [Google Scholar]
Farabi, S. M. V., Golaghaei, M., Sharifian, M. & Karimian, E. Effects of rainbow trout farming on water quality around the sea farms in the south of the Caspian Sea. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 20, 729–737 (2022). [Google Scholar]
Albina, P., Durban, N., Bertron, A., Albrecht, A., Robinet, J. C., Erable, B. (2019). Influence of hydrogen electron donor, alkaline pH, and high nitrate concentrations on microbial denitrification: a review. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(20), 5163. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205163. [Google Scholar]
Abboudi A., H. Tabyaoui, F. El Hamichi, _etude de la qualite physico-chimique et contamination metallique des eaux desurface du bassin versant de Guigou. [Google Scholar]
Bojago, E., Tyagi, I., Ahamad, F., & Chandniha, S. K. (2023). GIS based spatial-temporal distribution of water quality parameters and heavy metals in drinking water: Ecological and health modelling. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 103399. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2023.103399. [Google Scholar]
WHO, Directives De La Qualité Pour L’eau De Boisson, 4th ed., 2017. [Google Scholar]
De Sousa, D. N. R., Mozeto, A. A., Carneiro, R. L., Fadini, P. S. (2014). Electrical conductivity and emerging contaminant as markers of surface freshwater contamination by wastewater. Science of the total environment, 484, 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.135. [Google Scholar]
Ahamad, F., Sharma, A. K., & Tyagi, S. K. (2023b). A Study on Comparative Assessment of Water Quality of Dal and Nigeen Lakes of Jammu and Kashmir, India. AgroEnvironmental Sustainability, 1(1), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.59983/s2023010107. [Google Scholar]
Ba, C. N. (2020). Thermal water: minerality and other components.(pp.14–9). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0151-9638(20)30031-4. [Google Scholar]
Rahman, A., Jahanara, I., & Jolly, Y. N. (2021). Assessment of physicochemical properties of water and their seasonal variation in an urban river in Bangladesh. Water Science and Engineering, 14(2), 139–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wse.2021.06.006. [Google Scholar]
Hassimi, H., Bouezmarni, Mohamed, Taleb, A., et al. The metal elements traces dregs with the unstable fraction of the sediment of Sebou which risk?. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 2016, vol. 7, no 7. [Google Scholar]
Kabriti, Mohamed, LÉonce, E. D. A., Nadia, Iounes, et al. Physical-chemical characterization and heavy metals assessment of waters and sediments of sebou watershed (top Sebou, Morocco). Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 2021, vol. 7, no 1, p. 4. [Google Scholar]
Singh, R. P., Mishra, S., & Das, A. P. (2020). Synthetic microfibers: pollution toxicity and remediation. Chemosphere, 257, 127199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127199. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) Guideline for Drinking Water Quality, (5th Edition.). [Google Scholar]
Sites, N. N. P. (2002). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Occupational Safety and Health, 500, 4676. [Google Scholar]
Lamrani, M., Mouchane, M., Taybi, H., & Mouadili, A. (2025a). Comprehensive Review on the Adsorption Properties of Clay Minerals for Enhanced Removal of Toxic Dyes and Heavy Metals. J. Water Environ. Nanotechnol, 10(1), 85–107. https://doi.org/10.22090/jwent.2025.01.08 [Google Scholar]
Kim, D. W., Suhaimi, M. A., Kim, B. M., Cho, M. H., Frank Chen, F. (2013). Rough cut machining for impellers with 3-axis and 5-axis NC machines. In advances in sustainable and competitive manufacturing systems: 23rd international conference on flexible automation and intelligent manufacturing (pp. 609–616). Springer international publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00557-7_50. [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.