Influence of fungicides on toxigenic properties of phytopathogenic fungi

¹ Volgograd State Technical University, Department of Industrial Ecology and Safety, 400005 Volgograd, Russia
² Volgograd State University, Department of Biology, 400062 Volgograd, Russia
³ Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Meliorations and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 400062 Volgograd, Russia

^* Corresponding author: nefedieva@rambler.ru

Abstract

Fusarium infection promotes losses of yield and death of plants. Fusarium infections are dangerous because grains contain fusariotoxins that cause intoxication in humans and animals, as well as necrosis of plant tissues and changes in plant growth. Fungicides inhibit the growth of mycelium, but strobilurins are known to promote the production of mycotoxins by fungi, and triazoles, on the contrary, reduce the production of deoxynivalenol. The toxigenic effect of fungicides was assessed by biotest method. Wheat grains were germinated with the addition of disinfected culture fluid. The culture fluid after the cultivation of Fusarium oxysporum with addition of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in small doses was toxic for grains. The death of a significant part of the grains was noted in it. The fungistatic effect of small doses was not expressed. Therefore, the adaptation of the fungus was realized as a change in metabolism. High doses of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in culture fluid increased seed germination. Those doses had a fungistatic effect. The addition of carbendazim increased the fungistatic effect and decreased the toxicity of the strain. Development of combined fungicides with sufficient doses of active substances reduces the risk of inhibition of the growth of the protected crops.