The evaluation of adaptation systems for apricot culture in the phases of its development for selection improvement and location of the future varieties in conditions of climate fluctuation

¹ Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making», 39 str. 40 Let Pobedy, Krasnodar, 350901, Russia
² International Fund of Malus Sieversii Conservation, Alma-Aty, Kazakhstan

^* Corresponding author: i_d@list.ru

Abstract

Apricot is one of the most valuable fruit cultures. This is a minor culture in Russia and other countries primarily because of irregular fruit-bearing by the reason of its flower buds death in the winter and spring period, caused by the low temperatures. The increased regularity of its fruit-bearing may be achieved in two primary ways: the creation of new varieties, more resistant to the temperature fluctuations of the winter and spring period and their rational allocation in the zones and microzones of the growing territories. The solution of both set tasks calls for the knowledge of protective and adaptive reactions of genotypes in the stages of their development. The investigations of the last years showed the levels of agricultural plants productivity to be determined not only by the genes of quantitative characters, but to significant extent by the effects of their interaction with environment at the different stages of the plants development. As a new factor of outdoor environment, limiting the growth and development of plants becomes evident, the spectrum and number of genes, determining one and the same quantitative character (freezing tolerance in this case) is changed at the particular stage of development on a particular territory. The climatic change permits to analyze more profoundly the regularities in manifestation of genotype peculiarities in phenotype. The response of apricot culture (Armeniaca vulgaris) to display of the winter temperature stresses in the different stages of temporal (1990-2019) and spatial - Krasnodar and Stavropol Territory, Kabardino-Balkar Republic and Kazakhstan - development was studied. The analysis was undertaken for the new terms of deadly temperatures occurrence at the different stages of development. There was studied mechanism of the apricot culture biological potential realization in the new temperature conditions in the phases of winter and spring period, permitting to open the more efficient process of apricot selection for freezing tolerance and its rational location.