Wild orchids of Tyumen and challenges, related to their preservation

¹ Institute of Northern Development Problems, Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS, 625008 Tyumen, Russia
² Department of Ecology and Genetics, Institute of Biology Tyumen, State University, 625000 Tyumen, Russia

^* Corresponding author: MNKazantseva@yandex.ru

Abstract

There are 11 plant species of the Orchidaceae family in the city area of Tyumen; eight of them are protected in the Tyumen region, one species is included in the Red Book of Russia. Representatives of the family are found in the urban forest complex, roadside forest belts, on lawns and in public gardens of the central part of the city. Most species are represented locally by single specimens or small groups; three species – Epipactis helleborine, Platanthera bifolia and Neottianthe cucullata can form large complete coenopopulations. The main anthropogenous factors negatively affecting the condition of orchids in the city are: reconstruction of roads and plantations, regular mowing of grass in the habitats of plants. The protection of species requires coordinated efforts of municipal services for the improvement of urban areas and environmental organizations.