Selection of the main parameters of tractors for direct sowing of grain crops according to various optimization criteria

Kazan State Agrarian University, 65, K. Marx St., Kazan, 420015, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation

^* Corresponding author: azat-nurmiev@mail.ru

Abstract

The article discusses the questions of optimization of parameters and operating modes of the tractor as a part of the arable unit by various criteria of optimization. The following parameters have been chosen for consideration. These are minimum total energy costs, taking into account the energy of the lost crop; minimum emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere; minimum fuel consumption per 1 ha of crops; maximum performance; maximum traction efficiency of the tractor. The optimal weight of the tractor, the power of its engine, the width of the sowing unit and its working speed were determined by carrying out computational experiments with a change in the resistivity of the sowing complex. It was revealed that the optimal parameters of the tractor and the sowing unit do not coincide according to all optimization criteria with an increase in the specific resistance of the soil to the working bodies of the seeder, the optimal value of the tractor weight and the power of its engine grow. The optimal weight of the tractor should be 120 kN with the possibility of loading up to 150 kN, it is desirable to have a two-level engine of 500 and 600 hp. The working width of the seeder must be able to change from 14 to 18 m.