Micropropagation of Arisaema spp. (filiforme and brinchangense): Explant selection and surface sterilization insights

¹ Department of Natural Resources and Sustainability Science, Faculty of Earth Science, Jeli Campus Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
² Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Jeli Campus Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag 100, 17600 Jeli Kelantan, Malaysia
³ Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

^* Corresponding author: zulhazman@umk.edu.my

Abstract

Arisaema filiforme and A. brichangense are a perennial herbaceous plant (family Araceae) found distributed in mossy forest, Cameron Highlands, with the elevation of 1,900 meters above sea level (a.s.l). The unique inflorescence formation resembling cobra has given this plant the name Cobra lilies, and suitable to be planted as ornamental plant. In addition, it has been used traditionally as a herb. However, the population of these two species are very limited, only thrive in higher elevation and also considered as an endangered. Therefore, realizing its potential in the future as one of the new ornamental plant and materials for the herb bioindustry, a micropropagation approach was employed to produce these species in mass production. Seeds, rhizomes, and petioles were used as the explant materials, cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 2 mg L^-1) of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). The findings revealed rhizomes and seeds to be significant explants for micropropagation, where the survival rate for these two are more than 80%. Petioles had 0% of survivability after week eight of culture due to the fungi infection and tissue necrosis. This study provides an insight into explant selection, where different plant organs have different survival rate due to the tissue mechanical strength. Also, optimum surface sterilization process is very critical in micropropagation to avoid the contamination of the culture and also necrotizing.