Screening of bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of avicennia marina leaf extract against pathogenic bacteria

Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, University of Riau, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: dyoswaty@gmail.com

Abstract

High levels of marine pollution are thought to trigger the growth of pathogenic bacteria and cause disease in farmed fish. One of the natural antibiotic alternatives to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria is Avicennia marina leaf extract. A. marina leaves extract is thought to produce bioactive compounds, antibacterial and stimulate the growth of endophytic bacteria. The study aimed to screen bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of A. marina leaf extract against pathogenic bacteria. This survey research was conducted from March to May 2023. A fermentation process of mangrove leaves was carried out for 14 days, and the extract containing bioactive compounds was tested. Antibacterial test of A. marina leaf fermentation extract was conducted against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio alginolyticus. The results showed that bioactive compounds from fermented A. marina leaves were identified, namely phenolics, saponists and terpenoids. Total colonies of endophytic bacteria ranged from 4.9 x 10⁴ – 1.0 x 10⁷ CFU/gram. The antibacterial test results of A. marina leaf extract were able to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa with an inhibitory diameter of 7.5-11 mm (strong category), while A. hydrophila and V. alginolyticus with an inhibitory power of 2-5 mm (weak category).