Double-Coated Nanoparticle of Ribosome Inactivating Protein (RIP) from Mirabilis jalapa L. prepared from Chitosan-Sodium Tripolyphosphate and Alginate-Calcium Chloride: The New Strategy for Protein Drug in Oral Delivery

Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

^* Corresponding email: hilda_fa@ugm.ac.id

Abstract

Oral delivery of protein drugs is challenging due to the instability of the compound and structural barrier exists in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Nanoparticle technology is known as a promising drug delivery strategy to ensure drug bioavailability. This study aims to formulate an oral delivery system of a potential anticancer agent named Ribosome Inactivating Protein from Mirabilis jalapa L.-C (RIP MJ-C) through double-coated nanoparticles prepared from Chitosan-Sodium Tripolyphosphate (TPP) and Alginate-Calcium Chloride (CaCl2). Nanoparticles were prepared through the ionic gelation method, with the core nanoparticle (RMJCN-1) formulated in the pH of 3.5-5.5 using 0.3-0.5 % w/v of chitosan and 0.03 % w/v TPP. The RMJCN-1 optimum formula was selected to be subsequently coated with the second layer of alginate and CaCl2, called RMJCN-2, with a concentration of 0.3% w/v and 0.1-0.3 %, respectively. The sample was characterized by the entrapment efficiency (EE), physical appearance, particle size, polydispersity index (PI), and potential zetta. The result showed the optimum RMJCN-1 formula with of EE value of 57.10 ± 0.04 % was obtained by formulating 0.5 % w/v chitosan and 0.3 % w/v STPP in pH 5.5. The optimum RMJCN-2 was obtained by the combination of alginate 0.3 % w/v and CaCl2 0.1% w/v in the outer layer. This final formula produces nanoparticles with a zeta potential of -14.4 mV, 739.8 nm in size, with good stability during 7 days at room temperature. This study has successfully developed a formulation of double-coated nanoparticles from Chitosan-TPP and Alginat-CaCl2 for RIP MJ-C, leads to a safe nanocarrier system for oral delivery of RIP MJ-C that ensures its bioavailability.