Carbon landfills: On the way to carbon neutrality

Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia

^* Corresponding author: Kudusov_95@mail.ru

Abstract

The development of the bioeconomy is driven by integration, which takes various forms. Natural integration involves business mergers and the creation of diverse organizational relationships, including conglomerates, transnational companies, and cartels, among others. Conversely, disintegration and quasi-integration entail the unbundling of businesses and the formation of formal associations, where the aim is to gain control over other business entities rather than acquiring their assets. An example of quasi-integration can be observed in enterprise clusters, which are groups of geographically localized and interconnected companies sharing common goals and strategies. While the advantages of company participation in clusters were evident at the end of the 20th century, it has become apparent by the early 21st century that integration interactions among companies are assuming new hybrid forms. Consequently, clusters themselves can undergo various transformations over a short period of activity.