Callus Formation and Its Characteristics of Mountain Papaya in Vitro Endosperm Culture

¹ Department of Agrotechnology, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jl. KH Ahmad Dahlan, Purwokerto 53182, Central Java, Indonesia
² Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, The Hashemite University 13133, Zarqa, Jordan

^* Corresponding author: sanidewanto@gmail.com

Abstract

Endosperm as a result of double fertilization in Angiospermae shows high level chromosomes and polyploidy. It is also considered as dead tissue that is unable to be generated to form plantlet. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of kinetin and 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) in induction of callus formation of mountain papaya. This research used factorial randomized block design with eighteen groups, one fruit was used for one experimental group. Culture using Murashige and Skog (MS) media with combination of three level of kinetin [(0, 1, 3) mg L^-1] and six level of [2.4-D (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) mg L^-1]. Concentration of 2 mg L^-1 2.4-D was the best treatment in stimulating callus growth by producing the highest percentage of callus, 24.44 %. The combination of 1 mg L^-1 kinetin and 3 mg L^-1 2.4-D was the best treatment in accelerating callus induction of the endosperm was 19.84 d after planting. In this study shows that induction callus of endosperm of mountain papaya could be stimulates by kinetin and 2.4-D.