Development of Emission Factors from Indonesian Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Continuous Emission Monitoring Data

¹ Power Generation System Research Section, PT PLN (Persero) Research Institute, Jl. Duren Tiga Raya No 102, Special Region of Jakarta, 12760, Indonesia
² Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa No.10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
³ Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Room 302, Riga LV-1004, Latvia

^* Corresponding author: meiri.triani@pln.co.id

Abstract

Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) is generally used for monitoring compliance with emission standards set by the government regulations and has not been optimally used for other additional purposes yet. If operated CEMS can produce reliable and accurate data, they can develop further specific data such as emission factors. These emission factors can be used for estimating pollutant emission loads from coal combustion activity in Coal-Fired Power Plants (CFPPs) without conducting direct source measurements. In this study, hourly 1 yr CEMS data from several units of CFPPs were processed to develop specific emission factors for principal air pollutants (SO₂, NO_x, particulates) and greenhouse gases (represented by CO₂). Emission factors were determined by dividing the emission load of each pollutant by the amount of combusted coal during 1 yr. The results showed that emission factor ratings for this study could not be classified as A ratings due to the limited number of investigated CEMS facilities. According to the variability of the derived emission factor values, SO₂ and CO₂ emission factors can be rated as B or above average (with fewer variability values). In comparison, NO_x and particulate emission factors can be placed as C or average (with more variability values).