Advances in microcirculation monitoring and physical factor therapy techniques in diabetic foot

¹ College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213200, Jiangsu, China
² Research Center of Light for Health, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, Jiangsu, China

^* Corresponding author: cuijj@sibet.ac.cn

Abstract

Diabetic foot is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. It is caused by high blood sugar, resulting in combined neuropathy and various degrees of peripheral vascular disease, leading to local microcirculation disorders. This condition can trigger infections, ulcers, and deep tissue damage in the lower limbs. In severe cases, gangrene may occur, leading to amputation. Therefore, timely microcirculation monitoring of the feet in diabetic patients can help detect early blood supply issues. Prompt and effective intervention and treatment for diabetic patients with microcirculation disorders in the feet can prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic foot. Physical factor therapy utilizes various forms of physical energy to induce reactions in the body, such as dilating blood vessels, increasing blood flow, and promoting tissue blood supply. Simultaneously, it stimulates nerves and muscles, aiding in improving nerve conduction and promoting nerve regeneration. This helps prevent and improve microcirculation disorders in diabetic feet. This article outlines the microcirculation disorders in diabetic feet, along with monitoring and treatment methods. It focuses on the principles and efficacy of common physical factor methods for microcirculation intervention, as well as research advancements in their clinical application for diabetic foot. This information serves as a reference for the treatment and adjunctive research of diabetic foot.