Effect of Pingxiao capsule on thyroid nodules and its influence on serum TGF-β1 and IGF-1 levels

Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, Harbin 15004, China

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Abstract

aTo investigate the effect of Pingxiao capsule on the treatment of thyroid nodules and its effect on the levels of serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Eighty-six patients with thyroid nodules admitted to the First Hospital Affiliated to Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected and divided into 2 groups according to the random number table method. In the study, the control group received sodiumlevothyroxine treatment, while the observation group received a combination of Pingxiao capsule and sodiumlevothyroxine. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two groups, assessing Chinese medicine symptom scores, clinical effectiveness, thyroid nodule size, thyroid function indices, serum levels of TGF-β1 and IGF-1, as well as adverse reactions. RESULTS: Post-treatment, both groups exhibited decreased scores in patients with palpable neck nodules, laryngeal obstruction, depression, Shantaixi, and dizziness (P<0.05). Notably, the observation group demonstrated lower scores than the control group (P<0.05). The observation group exhibited a higher total effective rate compared to the control group (P<0.05). Reductions in thyroid nodule sizes and serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels were observed in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), with the observation group displaying lower values than the control group (P<0.05). Additionally, serum free tri-iodothyronine (FT₃) and free tetra-iodothyronine (FT4) levels increased in both groups (P<0.05), with the observation group showing higher levels (P<0.05). Post-treatment, serum TGF-β1 levels increased in both groups (P<0.05), with the observation group exhibiting higher levels (P<0.05). Moreover, serum IGF-1 levels decreased in both groups (P<0.05), and the observation group displayed lower levels than the control group (P<0.05). Importantly, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Pingxia capsule used in the treatment of patients with thyroid nodules can reduce clinical symptoms, improve the therapeutic effect, and at the same time can promote the recovery of thyroid function and regulate the serum TGF-β1, IGF-1 levels.