Biochemical status of preweaning calves when using an emulsion based on coriander and fennel essential oils

¹ All-Russian Research Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Animal Nutrition - branch of the Rederal Research Center of Animal Husbandry - All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry named after academician L.K. Ernst, Borovsk, Russian Federation
² Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea, Simferopol, Russian Federation

^* Corresponding author: ostrenkoks@gmail.com

Abstract

One of the promising areas for the animal husbandry development, especially in fattening calves, is the prevention of digestive disorders. One of the effective means of reducing the risks of developing abomazoenteritis in preweaning calves are secondary metabolites of essential oil crops and feed additives based on them. We have developed a phytosomal emulsion based on soy lecithin, containing 10% of a mixture of essential oils (coriander and fennel), for use as a feed additive in a whole milk substitute for preweaning calves. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a phytosomal emulsion with a different proportional content of EM fennel and coriander on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of preweaning calves. During the conducted studies, it was found that against the background of the use of phytoemulsions, the level of erythrocytes significantly increased by 12.3; 16.4, and 21.9%, respectively, and hemoglobin by 3.6; 9.8, and 11.6% relative to the control; a tendency to decrease in leukocytes was noted. Consequently, the use of essential oil emulsions led to erythropoiesis intensification. In animals of the 3rd group, the maximum increase in protein and fat metabolism was revealed: an increase in the level of total protein by 19.1%, albumin fraction - by 11.4%; creatinine content - by 17%; cholesterol - by 8.6%, HDL - by 13.7%, triglycerides - by 2 times. The content of calcium, iron, and magnesium was also higher in the experimental groups. Thus, the introduction of EO emulsions into the diet had a beneficial effect on the metabolic processes in the body of calves, characterizing the intensity of protein metabolism and, as a result, the intensification of muscle mass gain.