Analysis of Damage due to the M6.4 Tuban-Bawean Earthquake using Remote Sensing

¹ Department of Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Earth Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
² Department Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Earth Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
³ Department Geodetic Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
⁴ Department Disaster Management Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia
⁵ Department Economic Development, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

^* Corresponding author: cahyadi@geodesy.its.ac.id

Abstract

The earthquake with magnitude 6.4 that occurred on March 22, 2024 in Tuban-Bawean, East Java, Indonesia, had a significant impact on infrastructure damage around the Tuban, Gresik, Tuban, and Surabaya Islands. By combining geophysical analysis, the Okada model, and remote sensing technology, this study seeks to examine the effects following an earthquake. A comparatively slight variance is indicated by the deformation of land movement surrounding Bawean Island, which ranges from -0.0091 to 0.0069 meters, indicating relatively small variation. This is consistent with the results of the Okada modeling showing minimal vertical movement which is a characteristic of strike-slip faults. The majority of the affected areas, namely Sangkapura District, are dominated by alluvial lithology (Qa), which is very vulnerable to the impact of earthquakes because the material is loose, loose, and unconsolidated. Thus strengthening the effects of earthquake shocks and causing more significant damage. On the other hand, volcanic rocks (Qv) composed of alternating lava, breccia and tuff tend to experience greater deformation because they are easily affected by tectonic forces. This study concludes that the integration of remote sensing techniques, Okada modeling, and geophysical analysis provides a comprehensive understanding for post-earthquake analysis. It is hoped that this study can contribute to disaster mitigation efforts in the future.