Elderberry oil-cake “Sambucus Ebulus” – natural immune stimulant

¹ Department of Process Engineering, Technical Faculty, University of Food Technologies – Plovdiv, 26, Maritsa Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
² Department of Mechanical and Instrument Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University-Sofia, Branch Plovdiv, 25 Tsanko Diustabanov Str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
³ Department of Microbiology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
⁴ Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies – Plovdiv, 26 Maritsa Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
⁵ Institute of Food Preservation and Quality - Plovdiv, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria, 154 Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4003 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
⁶ Language Training Center, University of Food Technologies – Plovdiv, 26, Maritsa Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

^* Corresponding author: a_durakova@uft-plovdiv.bg

Abstract

In the production of elderberry tincture “Sambucus ebulus”, parts of the berries – oil-cake, which have already passed alcohol fermentation, remain as a waste product. The received results from the conducted analyses on the nutrient profile and energy value, the antioxidant activity and microbiological contamination of the remaining oil-cake, are described in the present research. The nutrient profile and energy value of the elderberry oil-cake (of a 100 g product) contain fibre – 46.25 g, total carbohydrates - 10.90 g, fats - 18.71 g, protein quantity - 10.20 g, total content of ash - 3.18 g and energy value - 345.45 g. The antioxidant activity was determined with the four different in mechanism and conditions of passing methods – DPPH 32.04±4.23 mMTE/g extract, ABTS 5.97±0.10 mMTE/g extract, FRAP 3.13±0.17 mMTE/g extract and CUPRAC 2.23±0.15 mMTE/g extract. The microbiological indicators – total number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms are in the permissible limits 2.102 CFU/g. The spores of the microscopic mold fungi, as well as the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherihia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is below the permissible limit, Salmonella sp. is not discovered. The examined product is not contaminated with the spore-developing and pathogen for people Bacillus cereus. The received results prove the statement that the berries of the elderberry and partially the examined waste product, have all the qualities of a natural immune stimulant.