Circular Bioeconomy Solutions: Transforming Mushroom Waste into High-Quality Fertilizer with Seashell Additives

¹ Faculty of Creative Communications, Nguyen Tat Thanh University; 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
² NTT Institute of International Education (NIIE), Nguyen Tat Thanh University; 700000, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
³ Institute of Interdisciplinary Sciences (IIS), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
⁴ Institute for Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.

^* Corresponding Author: tthanh@ntt.edu.vn

Abstract

This study aims to develop an innovative composting method that transforms mushroom cultivation waste into high-quality organic fertilizer, promoting sustainable agriculture and supporting circular economy principles. Over a 50-day period, the decomposition process was closely monitored, with a focus on pH, temperature, and microorganism activity, including the presence of Escherichia coli and Coliform bacteria. A key innovation in this study was the addition of seashell powder in the MR3 treatment, which aimed to improve decomposition efficiency and stabilize the compost’s pH. Decomposition significantly accelerated after day 14, reaching its peak between days 22 and 23 with temperatures exceeding 50°C. This process resulted in a compost weight reduction of 1 to 1.5 kg. All trials yielded high-quality organic fertilizers, with an organic matter content exceeding 20%, thereby meeting national standards for organic fertilizers. This research suggests a practical approach to managing mushroom waste, potentially contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and circular economy applications. The incorporation of seashell powder appeared to enhance decomposition efficiency and stabilize pH levels, thereby improving the functional properties of the compost. However, additional large-scale studies are required to validate these findings. The economic potential of the project has also been estimated, demonstrating that the payback potential makes it a worthwhile investment.