Technological aspects of growing a new variety of flax Phoenix in the conditions of the western part of the Non-Black Earth Zone

Smolensk State Agricultural Academy, 10/2, Bolshaya Sovetskaya St., Smolensk, 214000, Russia

Abstract

The paper studies the agroecological plasticity of new varieties of fiber flax of different ecotypes of Russian and foreign (Republic of Belarus) selection. The potential productivity and prospects for cultivation of the early-ripening variety Lider, mid-ripening varieties Universal and Grant, mid-late variety Phoenix in the conditions of the Central region of the Russian Federation are assessed: when cultivating them using the same technology, depending on the variety, the yield of straw, fiber and seeds was 6.43-7.24 t/ha, 1.61-1.85 t/ha and 0.83-1.18 t/ha, respectively. The paper presents an analysis of morphobiological and structural indicators that determine the productivity of the varieties under consideration. A rationale is given for the effectiveness of varietal agrotechnologies for growing fiber flax, including the selection of optimal rates and sowing dates, taking into account the agrobiological characteristics of the variety and the priority direction of its use. The influence of the studied agricultural practices on the formation of the yield of straw, fiber and flax straw of the Phoenix variety is shown, the optimal indicators for which were obtained at the first and second sowing dates at a seeding rate of 24- 26 million pcs./ha; while the straw yield was 7.07-7.28, straw straw - 5.02- 5.17, fiber - 2.06-2.018 t/ha. The share participation of various factors in the formation of the yield was established, which, depending on the type of product, was: for climatic conditions - 13-24%, for genotype - 18-28%, for sowing dates - 18-22%, for seeding rates - 12-16%, for other factors - 23- 25%. Data are also provided on the influence of the considered agro- technological parameters of flax cultivation on field germination, plant density at harvesting, height, diameter and weight of straw, soapiness, tapering and fiber content in straw.