Dietary Behavior, Sub-health Symptoms, and Public Perceptions of Nutritional Fortification: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taiwan

¹ Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan (R.O.C.
² Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC.

^* Correspondence: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; Tel.: +886-93-664-2829

Abstract

In Taiwan, the recent enactment of the Nutrition and Health Diet Promotion Act underscores national efforts to promote dietary fortification and improve public nutritional status. However, gaps remain in public awareness, dietary behavior, and acceptance of fortified foods. This study investigates the relationship between dietary consumption patterns, self-perceived sub-health symptoms, and attitudes toward nutritional fortification among Taiwanese adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September and December 2024 using a structured online questionnaire targeting Taiwanese adults aged 18 years and older. A total of 5,870 valid responses were analyzed. The questionnaire assessed demographics, dietary habits, sub-health symptoms, nutrition knowledge, and preferences for fortified products. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. The findings reveal significant gender differences in nutrition knowledge, symptom perception, and acceptance of fortified foods. Subhealth symptoms appear to be closely associated with low intake of fiber and magnesium. Public health strategies should prioritize targeted nutrition education, improve food labeling transparency, and increase access to affordable, fortified products—particularly for vulnerable subgroups such as women, middle-aged adults, and the elderly. These efforts are essential for addressing hidden hunger and promoting sustainable dietary improvements in Taiwan.