The Effect of Work Posture, Body Mass Index, and Smoking Habits on Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in Office Worker

¹ Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Surakarta State University, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
² Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia

^* Corresponding isna.qadrijati@staff.uns.ac.id

Abstract

Office workers are a population at risk of experiencing Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This condition is closely related to work patterns involving fixed body positions, work with repetitive movements, and tasks concentrated on certain body parts such as the hands. This study aims to examine the effects of work posture, body mass index, and smoking habits on the incidence of MSDs. The study used a cross-sectional method with 150 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using Nordic Body Map (NBM) tests and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) worksheet. Data were analyzed using logistic regression tests. The results showed that 66 respondents (44%) experienced MSDs, while 84 respondents (56%) did not. The distribution of complaints indicated that the upper neck had the highest level of discomfort in the upper extremities, while the left thigh had the highest discomfort in the lower extremities, followed by stiffness in the thighs, left knees, and right knees. Variables significantly related to MSDs were work posture (p = 0.018) and body mass index (p = 0.048), whereas smoking habits were not significantly associated (0.555). Logistic regression analysis showed that work posture had the most significant effect on MSDs (OR = 2.384; CI: 1.129-4.540). Conclusion: Work posture is the most influential factor in the incidence of MSDs among office workers. Office workers should often change their sitting frequently and maintain a healthy diet.