| Issue |
BIO Web Conf.
Volume 208, 2026
1st International Conference on Agriculture and Food System (ICAFS 2025)
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | 01017 | |
| Number of page(s) | 10 | |
| Section | Agribusiness and Economic Strategies for Resilient Agriculture and Food Systems | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202620801017 | |
| Published online | 06 January 2026 | |
Beyond the Farm Gate: Drivers of Farm Labor Productivity in BRICS+ Agrifood Systems
1 Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
2 Center for Environmental Research, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
* Corresponding author: eirawan@staff.uns.ac.id
Agriculture still employs large shares of the workforce in many BRICS and BRICS-aligned economies, yet output per worker remains uneven across countries. This paper examines the drivers of farm labor productivity in ten BRICS+ members, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates, using a balanced panel for 2001-2021. Drawing on data from the World Development Indicators, FAOSTAT, and UNDP, we estimate country fixed-effects models of agricultural value added per worker on lagged human development (HDI or schooling), arable land per worker, fertilizer use per hectare, national income (GNI per capita), and a time trend. The results show that higher HDI and greater land availability per agricultural worker are robustly associated with substantial productivity gains, whereas fertilizer intensity has no stable independent effect, and the influence of income largely operates through human development. A strong positive time trend suggests additional technological and institutional progress. Policy priorities should therefore combine investments in human development, land and tenure reforms, and innovation systems to foster inclusive productivity growth in BRICS+ agrifood systems.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2026
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.