Improving elements of agricultural technology in the cultivation of new varieties of fiber flax in the conditions of the Central region of Russia

Smolensk State Agricultural Academy, 10/2 Bolshaya Sovetskaya St., Smolensk, 214000, Russia

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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study of the responsiveness of new flax varieties bred domestically (Universal, Phoenix) and Belarusianally (Grant) to agrochemical techniques for optimizing growing conditions, including the application of different doses and timing of nitrogen fertilizers, as well as the use of fungicidal and insecticidal seed treatments. The paper demonstrates the impact of the studied agricultural techniques on field seed germination, seedling mortality during the springsummer period, and plant survival before harvest. The resistance of the resulting phytocenoses to lodging is assessed. A comparison of the flax straw performance indicators revealed the advantages of the Grant and Phoenix varieties over the Universal variety, which was inferior in terms of technical stem length, soapiness, taper, and straw weight. Pre-sowing seed treatment and the split application of nitrogen fertilizers contributed to an increase in the quantitative and qualitative straw indicators. The analysis of the yield data for flax straw, trust, fiber and seeds allowed us to identify the most economically and agro-technologically justified method of using the studied chemicals, which consists in the combined use of seed treatment with Tebu-60 (0.5 l/t) and Imidor Pro (2.5 l/t) with fractional application of nitrogen fertilizers according to the N45P45K90 + N15 scheme, which allowed us to obtain the highest yield of all types of products in most cases. Depending on the variety, it amounted to 8.18-8.61 t/ha of straw, 6.19-6.38 t/ha of trust, 2.27-2.35 t/ha of fiber and 0.93-1.21 t/ha of seeds. At the same time, the average trust number of fiber flax varieties was approximately at the same level and varied from 1.50 to 2.00 depending on the studied agricultural practices; fiber number - from 11 to 13 units.