Study of a Collection of Hulled Wheat Species in the Conditions of the Central Region of the Non-Chernozem Zone

Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 127550, Moscow, Russia

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Abstract

Hulled wheat species represent a unique reservoir of genetic diversity for modern breeding, offering resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their adaptability and productivity in the Central Region of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia remain insufficiently studied. The aim of this work was to evaluate a collection of 9 accessions of hulled spring wheat (Triticum ispahanicum and Triticum dicoccum) under the agroclimatic conditions of the CRNZ in 2021. Field and laboratory methods were employed to assess morphological traits, phenology, and yield structure elements. The results revealed substantial inter-accession diversity among the accessions. Accessions No. 15, 17, 19, and 11 were identified as the most promising, combining optimal plant height, high productive tillering, and maximum grain mass per plant. The identified accessions are recommended as donors for breeding programs targeting organic and low-input systems in the Non-Chernozem Zone. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive assessment of these hulled wheat species in the specific soil and climatic conditions of the CRNZ, identifying valuable donor traits for regional breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield stability and stress tolerance.