Agriculture and Regenerative Systems, Food Waste Valorization and Circular Bioeconomy

University of Innovation Technologies, Nukus 230100, Uzbekistan

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Water scarcity and land degradation pose significant challenges to agricultural sustainability in arid regions, particularly in the Aral Sea basin of Central Asia. In response to these pressures, circular bioeconomy and regenerative agriculture frameworks emphasize resource reuse, biomass circulation, and food waste valorization as pathways toward resilient food systems. However, limited empirical research has examined the structural production composition of smallholder farms and their embedded bio-resource circulation potential in ecologically vulnerable regions. This study analyzes the production structure of dehkan farms in the Republic of Karakalpakstan using official statistical data for 2023–2024. The research evaluates crop–livestock distribution patterns, sectoral growth dynamics, and diversification levels across districts. A structural analysis approach combined with diversification indicators is applied to assess biomass generation and organic resource potential within existing agricultural systems. The results indicate that dehkan farms maintain a diversified production structure with a dominant role in vegetable, fruit, dairy, and livestock output. The coexistence of crop and livestock activities creates significant opportunities for internal nutrient cycling, manure-based soil regeneration, and organic residue valorization. The findings suggest that strengthening crop–livestock integration and promoting circular bio-resource management can enhance regenerative capacity under water-scarce conditions. Policy measures supporting decentralized bioeconomy initiatives may further contribute to sustainable agricultural transformation in the Aral Sea region.