RNA Interference and Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS): A Next-Generation Tool in Horticultural Biotechnology

¹ Amity Food & Agriculture Foundation (AFAF), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh ( 201313), India.
² Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias. CSIC. Serrano 115 dpdo. 28006 Madrid. Spain.

^* Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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Abstract

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism that enables sequence-specific regulation of gene expression through double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In horticultural systems, it has emerged as a very novel and innovative tool for pest management and pathogens via targeted gene suppression. Midst various RNAi-based strategies, spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) is important and discussed due to its non-transgenic approach where the dsRNA is applied exogenously to induce gene silencing. Since the dsRNA has stability issues, nanocarrier-mediated delivery has been explored to enhance the stability and bioavailability of the dsRNA such as encapsulation of dsRNA in cationic poly-aspartic acid-derived polymer (CPP6). Numerous studies have been going on in the context of ease of application such as changes in the dsRNA formulation, large-scale synthesis and nanoparticle-mediated delivery. In addition, regulatory frameworks and biosafety considerations continue to influence its implementation in agriculture. Hereby, we present a review that critically examines the molecular basis of RNAi, the principles and applications of SIGS along with recent technological advancements. It further explores current limitations and opportunities in RNA-based crop protection and addressing challenges and the lacunae in the current scenario of SIGS study.