Green port development as a blue economy catalyst: Integrating decarbonization policy and coastal economic resilience in Jakarta–Banten Archipelagic Ports

Maritime Institute, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran Jakarta, North Jakarta, Indonesia

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Abstract

Indonesian archipelagic ports face a dual imperative — reducing maritime emissions in alignment with national decarbonization targets while strengthening the economic resilience of coastal communities whose livelihoods depend on port activities. Green port development has emerged as a dominant policy instrument, yet current frameworks remain siloed, focusing narrowly on vessel-side emissions without examining how decarbonization affects local livelihoods or how coastal economic strategies might accelerate green transitions. This study develops an integrative Green Port–Blue Economy (GPBE) Framework grounded in a case study of Tanjung Priok (Jakarta) and Bojonegara (Banten) ports, combining stakeholder interviews with port authorities, shipping operators, artisanal fishers, and informal dock workers, alongside policy document analysis of Indonesia's port and maritime decarbonization landscape. Thematic analysis and narrative synthesis across the two sites identified three synergy domains: port-led decarbonization generating inclusive green employment, coastal economic resilience enhanced through port-adjacent community asset investment, and policy integration through coastal resilience financing linked to carbon pricing revenues. The proposed GPBE Framework operationalises these synergies across five building blocks — inclusive governance, shared infrastructure, skills certification, adaptive social protection, and impact-linked financing. Findings advance a replicable model for Indonesian archipelagic ports navigating the trade-offs between decarbonization ambition and coastal development equity.