Weediness and yield of winter wheat depending on the basic elements of farming system

Open Access

Table 1.

The influence of the type of fallow in crop rotation, fertilizer systems and main soil tillage on the weediness of winter wheat before harvesting

Factor and years studied	Variant of the experience	Total weediness		By perennial weeds
Factor and years studied	Variant of the experience	Pcs/m²	G/m²	Pcs/m²	G/m²
Experimental field “5th crop rotation” ^*
Fallow (1978–1991)	Black	33.0	20.5	0.7	2.0
Fallow (1978–1991)	Seeded	61.6	42.4	6.1	9.8
Main soil tillage (1978–1991)	Plowing at 20–22 cm	27.8	9.7	0.6	2.6
	Cultivation at 20–22 cm	30.6	20.4	0.9	5.4
	Shallow tillage at 10–12 cm	34.4	19.6	0.9	4.9
	Shallow tillage with discs at 8–10 cm	39.6	31.0	0.9	8.3
	Zero tillage	32.4	34.0	0.4	9.1
Experimental field “Bee”^**
Fallow (1992-2000)	Black	37.6	171.4	1.2	66.8
	Seeded	60.8	316.6	7.3	142.0
	Green-manured	53.2	236.5	4.2	93.7
Fertilizer system (1992–2000)	Organic-mineral recommended	50.5	228.2	3.0	95.5
	Organic-mineral intensive	48.2	242.4	2.8	85.9
	Organic	50.9	258.2	6.0	121.1
Main soil tillage (1992–2000)	Cultivation at 20–22 cm	48.6	212.5	3.1	82.2
	Shallow tillage at 10–12 cm	52.8	250.1	4.1	103.1
	Surface tillage at 6–8 cm	51.4	261.4	5.5	117.1
Experimental field “Ugorye”^**
Fallow (2003–2010)	Black	42.0	166.4	5.8	53.0
Fallow (2003–2010)	Green-manured	47.7	163.0	5.9	52.4
Main soil tillage (2003–2018)	Plowing at 20–22 cm	34.4	166.7	5.2	47.2
	Shallow tillage at 10–12 cm	39.8	185.4	4.4	46.3
	Zero tillage	40.7	188.0	5.0	51.0
The least significant difference (05) (LSD05): in “5th crop rotation” 6.3^*** and 9.5/ 3.8 and 4.2 for fallow type; in “Bee” 57.6 and 53.1;/ 2.1 and 8.6 for main soil tillage; 43.6 and 67.6;2.4 and 28.1 for fallow type; 5.6 and 29.9/5.6 and 2.8 for fertilizer system; 43.1 and 67.6/ 2.4 and 27.7 for main soil tillage; in “Ugorye” 5.7 and 38.7/ 1.4 and 7.3 for fallow type;10.9 and 25.0/1.2 for mail soil tillage (pcs/m² and g/m²)

– air-dry mass of weeds;

^**

– wet weight of weeds;

^***

– in the numerator: total weediness, in the denominator – by perennial weeds; the first number is the number of weeds (pcs/m²), the second number is the mass (g/m²).

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