Open Access
Table.
Scientific and practical tasks in modern biotechnology of wine at the main stages of its production
| Stage of wine production | Scientific and practical task | Biotechnological methods, forms, methods |
|---|---|---|
| Receiving and processing of fresh grapes | oxidation protection | inactivation of natural enzymes of grapes and enzyme systems of microorganisms of grapes, including yeast, control of oxidative reduction potential |
| Separation of grape must | provision a sufficient yield of must, control of the transfer of extractives and dyes to grape must | splitting of pectin substances by pectolytic enzyme preparations |
| Processing of grapes affected by gray rot | clarification of grape must, reduction of the content of toxins: pesticides, patulin, ochratoxin, histamine | use of compositions of pectolytic and amylolytic enzymes |
| Pressing and maceration (infusion on the pulp) | extraction of anthocyanins and tannins from grape skins, transformation of aroma-forming components | the use of β-glucosidase and other enzymes to break bonds between aromatic molecules and sugars |
| Alcoholic fermentation | ensuring the optimal kinetics of fermentation, the formation of individual organoleptic properties of wine and the specified physical and chemical parameters | use of certain yeast strains, yeast nutrition |
| Stage after alcoholic fermentation | formation of individual organoleptic properties of wine and specified physical and chemical parameters | transformation of the chemical and sensory characteristics of wine during baronage as a result of autolysis of wine yeast |
| Malolactic fermentation (MF) | Preservation of freshness of taste due to stabilization of wine acids, carrying out biological acid reduction | the use of yeast strains that prevent the development of MF, and strains that support the development of MF |
| High-quality pasting | transformation and decontamination of toxic compounds, obtaining a haze-stable product | the use of natural sorbents based on chitosan, yeast shells, plant raw materials |
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