The conditions and methods of biological diversity preservation and restoration on post-technogenic lands

St. Petersburg Research Centre of Ecological Safety of Russian Academy of Sciences, Korpusnaya 18, St. Petersburg 197110, Russia

^* Corresponding author: kapelkina@mail.ru

Abstract

Oil production, as well as the transportation of oil and gas through pipeline systems, cause the destruction and man-made transformation of the natural ecosystems of Northern Eurasia, an increase in the area of disturbed lands, and a reduction in the habitats of specially protected plant species. In this regard, the most significant measures for biological diversity are the identification of conditions for the growth of populations of rare plants in man-made biotopes and the development of methods for their conservation and restoration. 12 species (Carex sylvatica, Dactylorhiza baltica, D. fuchsii, D. incarnata, D. maculata, Fragaria moschata, Glyceria lithuanica, Listera ovata, Neottia nidus-avis, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Platanthera bifolia, Veratrum lobelianum) from the Red Book of the Yaroslavl region and 1 species (Dactylorhiza baltica) from the Red Book of the Leningrad region were recorded in the protected area of oil pipelines. Moreover, Dactylorhiza baltica is listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. For Dactylorhiza fuchsii, D. incarnata, D. maculata, Fragaria moschata, at the risk of complete destruction of their biotopes, methods of their transplantation, repatriation and rehabilitation have been developed and transferred to the appropriate Department of the Yaroslavl region. For the restoration of biotopes on bulk sand dams of an oil field in Western Siberia, an experimental study of the wild species Leymus arenarieus as a fixative of technogenic sands showed good results.