Dependence of winter wheat yield on the content and composition of organic matter of typical chernozem

FSBSI “Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center” 70b, Karl Marx St., Kursk, 305021, Russia

^* Corresponding author: vninp@mail.ru

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship and the determination of the dependence of winter wheat yield on the content and composition of the organic matter of typical chernozem, the determination of its optimal parameters in different by hydrothermal conditions years. The research was carried out in 2018-2019 in a typical heavy-loamy chernozem in the experimental field of the Kursk FARC. Coupled studies of the yield of winter wheat Synthetics and indicators of soil organic matter in the topsoil were carried out on 30-meter sites during the harvest period. The range of fluctuations in the content and composition of organic matter in the soil, the yield of winter wheat at the studied sites allowed us to apply information and logical analysis within the framework of the analyzed soil-plant system. A high dependence of winter wheat yield on the content and composition of soil organic matter was established, in 2018 the coefficients of information transfer efficiency varied from 0.23 to 0.17, in 2019 from 0.32 to 0.18. It was found that in dry 2019 the dependence of winter wheat yield on the biogenicity of mobile humus substances, the lability of humus, and microbial biomass has increased, and the influence of humus has decreased. It is established that in the studied years the significance of the parameters for the formation of winter wheat yield remained, the degree of their influence and sometimes the nature of the direction of the relationship changed. The optimal parameters of indicators of soil organic matter in the arable layer of chernozem typical for obtaining the yield of winter wheat Synthetic 5.45-7.24 t/ha in a favorable by hydrothermal conditions year and 4.78-7.19 t/ha in a dry year were established.