Clinical symptoms of iodine and zinc deficiency in dairy cows

¹ Voronezh State Agrarian University named after Emperor Peter I, Russia, 394087, Voronezh, Michurina
² Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Russia, 410012, Saratov, Teatralnaya pl., 1

^* Corresponding author: ianikulin@yandex.ru

Abstract

Numerous clinical observations indicate that the silage-concentrate type of dairy cows feeding causes a cascade of pathobiochemical processes occurring by the type of metabolic acidosis, ketosis, hepatosis, with a violation of protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Animals cannot realize the genetically inherent productivity potential.

The culling of cows from the main herd is more than 37%. The main reasons for culling cows are hypo - and agalactia as a result of mastitis and ketosis, as well as infertility against the background of repeated infertile inseminations. Allotriophagy, unsteadiness of teeth, resorption of the last tail vertebrae, curvature of the vertebral column, traces of rib fractures, difficulty in lifting and moving when the content of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood is at the lower limit of physiological values indicate osteodystrophy. Exo-or endophthalmos, myxedema, forelock and mane, disheveled and curly hair, abortions, the birth of premature, ugly, stillborn, sparsely haired or “naked” calves against the background of low levels of protein bound iodine (PBI) in the blood indicate iodine deficiency in their body (hypomicroelementosis J). Coarsening and increased folding of the skin in the area of the head, neck and withers, active keratization on the skin in the area of articular surfaces and croup, thickening of the corolla zone and the border of the hooves in the form of a roller, ski-like growth and deformation of the hoof horn, enlargement and deformation of the joints, decreased reproductive function and low levels of zinc in the blood indicate parakeratosis of cattle (zinc deficiency).